
                                    GLOSSARY

This glossary of words is divided into 2 parts.  The first part consists of
standard English words (even if old), and the second part consists of words
used in quotes from Leland (who used what to us would be called phonetic
spelling)

     Most of the words in the Glossary were extracted by R.W. Long in
California, who also offered suggestions as to how to get all the punctuation
corrected.  Hopefully, all the English words which are not used or have
different spellings in the USA will appear in this Glossary, along with the
now obsolete words and rare words (usually ecclesiastical).  Words which are
phonetically correct in quotes from Leland are generally omitted.

  A base Glossary was then generated by Beryl Thompson in Australia, and then
generally messed around by me (Colin Hinson).  Please ensure that you read the
"Introductory Preface", as it contains information on some of the abbreviations
used, and also explains the signs used with currency, and the currency format
etc.

   If you should come across any errors in the main text of the Dictionary, or
have any comments, or feel like arguing about the definition of any of the
following words, or have suggestions for additions, then please drop me a line.

   In GENERAL to translate to American spelling:

   if there's a "ou" in the word, remove the u
   if there's a "wards" at the end of the word, remove the "s"
   if there's a "re" at the end of the word, replace with "er"

   from old to modern English:
   if the word ends in "e", remove the "e"


   Now the "plugs".  I am looking for CHAPMAN or HOOD on the East Coast of
Yorkshire, generally within 20 miles of Scarborough, to the south and the west,
or alternatively HINSON or PINDER in the south of Yorkshire or North
Lincolnshire. (c-hinson@ti.com).

   Beryl Thompson is looking for:  GARDINER, MALLORY and YORK(E) anywhere in
Yorkshire, and LITTLEWOOD & HUNTER in the West Riding (both pre 1750) and would
love to hear from anyone who can help her.   (bthompso@pcug.org.au)

   Ron Long is looking for FOTHERGILL and DINSDALE in the Yorkshire Dales area
(western part of the North Riding and northern part of the West Riding.
(ron.long@kandy.com)

Q. accomplished.
A. Achieved, finished or completed. Term sometimes used for a talented person.

Q. advowson
A. in English church law, the right of presentation to a vacant benefice.

Q. afore
A. before  (afore is archaic)

Q. aforehand
A. Prior to, before, or beforehand.

Q. afterwards
A. American= afterward

Q. ailes (modern = ails)
A. Is sick, suffers from illness, a term sometimes used when a business or
instution has difficulties, or is poorly managed or organised.

Q. Alienate
A. (in Law) to transfer the ownership (of property etc.) to another person.
   Also means to withdraw friendship, respect, or previous privilege.

Q. Alms-House
A. A charitable souse run for the benefit of the poor (usually widows) in the
    community.

Q. anathema against him
A. A curse, or denunciation, or a formal ecclesiastical excommunication.

Q. anti-space
A. ?
Context: (under Hovingham)
The entrance is directly out of the street for coaches, through a narrow passage
   into a large riding-house, then through the anti-space of two stables, and so
   up to the house door.  In the hall is an antique basso relievo of a
   Bacchanalian group:

Q. antiquary
A. person who studies ancient evidence.

Q. appendant
A. Attached, annexed, linked to.

Q. archbishoprick
A. The juristriction, office or see of an archbishop.

Q. artificers
A. Skilled or aristic workers; inventors; contrivers.

Q. attainted
A. In this period "attaint" related to a crime, treason, or felony, so depending
    on the text, "attainted", would refer to the person charged, or convicted,
    of one of the above.

Q. bailiff             bailiff of the manor provides furmety
A. A civil officer or functionary; an overseer on an estate who protected same
    from poachers; or a court (law) official.

Q. barnekyn            barnekyn inclosure
A. ?

Q. Bart.
A. Baronet (a commoner who holds the lowest hereditary title of honour, ranking
     below a baron.)

Q. battallia
A. ?
Context: (under Myton)
 The Scotch finding themselves pursued, drew up on the other side of the river
 in battallia. A battle ensued, the Yorkists were defeated, and above 2,0O0 of
 the English, with Nicholas Heming, the lord mayor, were slain and drowned.

Q. barrow              barrow of stones and gravel
A. A burial mound or hill; a prehistoric or ancient mound of earth and stones,
    often containing the remains of the dead; or a container, usually with one
    wheel used on building sites, or in the garden, to move materials.

Q. basso relievo
A. A sculpture in low relief; a method of sculpturing figures on a flat surface,
    the figures being slightly raised above the surface.

Q. Bathing-machines.
A. A wheeled dressing-box (cubicle), which was provided at the beach for bathers
    to change in.

Q. The Church, which was formerly a <donative benefice> ...  ??
A. A church parish (benefice) which in earlier times would be given by the Lord
    of the manor, to the priest/ vicar whom he selected.

Q. The Church, peculiar, is a vicarage        (the expression ?)
A. In this case the peculiar, relates only to the vicarage, e.g. it is outside
     the juristriction of the archdeacon, or bishop, of the area where it
     is located. Belonging to a church dignitary from another diocese. See
     peculiar below.

Q. Church is a perpetual curacy
A. A curacy in perpetuity, e.g. continuous.

Q. The Church is a rectory ...
A. Church inside the rectory, e.g. residence on the incumbent.

Q. beck
A. North of England term for a (usually mountain) stream.

Q. beneth
A. Under. Old spelling of beneath.

Q. Bishopric
A. The see, diocese or office (position) of bishop.

Q. borough             another political division ?  parish and borough of...
A. From the Saxon word "burg" meaning a city, town or fort, later used for the
    administrative sub-divisions within a county, with the responsibilities of
    government for the area. Providing law, courts, as well as general local
    services, footpaths, roads. Expanding in recent years to include schools,
    libraries, street cleaning, dust-bins (American=refuse bins).

Q. bovates             what measure of land ?
A. A bovate is one eighth of an oxgang (ploughland). An OXGANG is/was
    Ploughland.  The area of land which could be cultivated in one year using a
    single oxteam (an ox is an adult castrated male of any domesticated species
    of cattle) . See also Oxgang and Caracute.

Q. burgage
A. Tenure (=possession or holding) of land or tenement in a town or city, which
     originally involved a fixed money rent.

Q. Burgess
A. Female respectable citizen (from burgoise)

Q. burthen
A. archaic word for burden

Q. cairns
A. Heaps of stones, tapering at the top to form a cone, usually a monument of
     some kind.

Q. camulodunum         camulodunum of Ptolemy
A. The place Ptolemy called camulodunum.

Q. cantarists
A. ?

Q. capite              to be held of the King in capite.
A. A tenant/person holding land granted direct from the king.

Q. caracutes           six caracutes of land
A. A caracute was an area of ploughland, it varied between 160 and 180 acres
    (depending on quality of land, e.g. soil), which could be ploughed by an
    eight oxen plough team in one year.  -Also known as a Hide.

Q. castellated
A. having turrets and battlements like a castle

Q. cell                There had previously been a cell here, (not prison ?)
A. In this sense a group, a cell.

Q. centre
A. Correct English spelling, American = center.

Q. chancel
A. The part of the church between the altar and the balustrad (rail/ screen),
 usually containing the area where the choir sits, and separate from the nave.

Q. Chapel of ease      ?
A. A small chapel, positioned such that people could use it instead of the
     parish church when the parish church was difficult to get to (e.g. a long
     way away, or at the bottom of a valley with a village high up on the
     valley side). This term was also use for a small chapel, off the main body
     of a Cathedral or large church.

Q. Chapter
A. The governing body of a cathedral or collegiate church, usually a dean,
   archdeacon, precentor, chancellor, treasurer and canons (all church
   officials). The chapter looks after the "Fabric" of the church/cathedral and
   day to day running and finances.

Q. chaumbre
A. room, chamber

Q. chevalier           to found a chantry of 6 chaplains (chevalier
A. A member of a certain order of knighthood, or a horseman.

Q. chine
A. Backbone of an animal with the adjoining meat.

Q. chronicler          historian?
A. Yes, a recorder, keeper of records.

Q. coals
A. pieces of coal.

Q. Common.
A. The land on which householders living within a manorial system could graze
    cattle and sheep, and from which a common crop could be reaped. Later the
    common was a piece of land for the common use of all, e.g. the village
    green. However, contrary to popular belief, most common land today is only
    "common" to those living in that parish, and not to outsiders.

Q. compounds           who compounds by paying sixteen Pence for ale
A. Assume it means to pay a levy or tax on ale.

Q. consistory
A. Court of a diocese administering ecclesiastical laws.

Q. constablery
A. Police force of the time. (modern - constabulary)

Q. constableship
A. The office of constable.

Q. co-extensive        The wapentake and liberty are co-extensive
A. Equally extensive; having equal scope or or extent.

Q. cohort              The first cohort of the Thracians...........
A. A division of the Roman army, a tenth of a Legion, between 500 and 600 men.
    Or a band of warriors.

Q. collated      to which see he was collated in 1551
A. to appoint (an incumbent) to a benefice.

Q. coney-warren        tenant of the coney-warren
A. A rabbit warren, the tenant would hold the rights to.


Q. conjointly
A. In a conjoint manner; jointly; united; as one; together.

Q. conquest            since the conquest
A. 1066, William and all that. William the Conqueror was the only person ever
    to successfully invade the whole of mainland Britain. (The Romans gave up
    when they got to Scotland and built a wall from coast to coast to keep
    the Scots out of England).

Q. copyhold
A. a tenure less than freehold of land in England evidenced by a copy of the
     Court roll.  Freehold property means that the property (and/or land) is
     not leased.

Q. cormorant
A. an aquatic bird having a dark plumage, along neck and body and a slender
     hooked beak.

Q. Dean
A. An official of the church, or resident fellow/ president, of a college or
    faculty. In the church, the Dean is the top man of a Chapter (see above)

Q. deanry      (modern = deanery)
A. The office (position) of, or house in which the Dean lived. The group of
     parishes presided over by a rural dean.

Q. a deanry and royal peculiar.
A. See above re deanry, and peculiar below, but in this case the crown would
     make the appointment rather than the church.

Q. declivity
A. a downward slope of the ground.

Q. demesne
A. The land, rights and part of a manor, which the Lord retains for the use of
    himself and his family, which was separate from that leased or rented to his
    tenants.

Q. demesne             a charter of free warren for all his demesne lands
A. See above, in this case the Lord granted a charter for the use of
    his demesne lands.

Q. denominate
A. to give a specific name to.

Q. depredators         predators
A. Spoilers; wasters.

Q. devolve
A. to pass to a successor.

Q. diocese
A. A province, area of, circuit or extent of a bishop's juristriction.

Q. disforrested.
A. deforested (removed all the trees)

Q. dissolution
A. The period commencing in 1536, when monasteries were dissolved by Act of
     Parliament, the lands and estates of the smaller ones confiscated by the
     Crown (e.g. Henry VIII).  Later the lands and estates of the larger
     monasteries were taken, and became private properties, some going to former
     lease holders and farmers, who were formerly tenants.   (see English
     History)

Q. district            called Richmondshire  if a shire==county ??
A. A district within the county of Richmondshire, Richmondshire is a county. A
shire is the name for the larger divisions (usually county) into which Great
Britain is divided.

Q. donative
A. A gift, present, gratuity given by a patron or founder.

Q. ecclesiastic
A. A church offical, can be applied to any member of the clergy who has been
    had been conscecrated to perform the church ceremonies.

Q. eminence            stands upon an eminence
A. A term often used in relation to a high church official, or can mean
    distinction. In this case a piece of high ground (in the village).

Q. enclosure; enclosures.
A. Common unfenced land previously used by all householders for grazing, crops,
     haymaking, pasture and meadows, which became inclosed or enclosed (fenced),
     between the the 17th and 19th Century. The majority between 1750 & 1850.

Q. estray
A. A stray, an animal which has strayed from it's keeper.

Q. expence    (modern= expense)
A. Costs.

Q. extraparochial
A. Land uninhabited in the Anglo-Saxon period, and outside the bounds of parish,
    civil or church control. It was exempt from church and poor rates, and in
    some cases tithes (one tenth of profit), normally paid to the Crown.

Q. fabric
A. The term used for the structure, edifice, or building e.g an abbey, cathedral,
    monastary, church etc, including all that goes to make up any of these.

Q..fealty
A. A Knight's service, or faithfulness to a master.

Q. frowning            stands frowning the remains of a Castle
A. Looming, oppressive, threatening.

Q. fulminated
A. Thundered, exploded, noise, threatened, denounced etc.

Q. furmety
A. A dish made of hulled wheat boiled in milk and seasoned.

Q. gaol
A. jail (prison, clink, etc)

Q. gigant
A. Large, enormous, excessive growth.

Q. gibbetted
A. The term used when a criminal was hung from a post (gibbet, gallows), or the
     post on which the body placed on public exibition after execution.

Q. graver
A. engraver

Q. guillimotes
A. guillemot - a northern oceanic diving bird having a black and white plumage
     and a long narrow bill.

Q. guineas             general discussion of money terms
A. See preface

Q. hamlet
A. A small village, usually only two or three cottages.

Q. hath
A. Has.

Q. Hawke
A. Hawk - a bird of prey.

Q. High Sheriff
A. The Chief Officer of the County, originally responsible all matters relating
    to law. Many duties later passed to courts, coroners, tax collecters etc.

Q.  Hospital
A.  Hospitals in this period were usually charitable institutions, run locally
    by religious orders (churches, or in the early days monks & nuns), and
    funded by local donations. This would include the ruling families e.g.
    Knights, Lord of the Manor, in some cases the Crown (monarch), as well as
    merchants, farmers and citizens in the large cities, and villages.

Q. hospital for four poor women ... why 'four poor women' ? common exp.?
A. Assume accommodation for 4 poor women in the parish. Not the term "hospital"
    as accepted today, but a home for them.

Q. impropriate         impropriate rectory
A. Revenue for/from rectory placed in the hands of a layman or to transfer
    rights from the church into lay hands.

Q. inclose; inclosure; inclosed
A. (less common spelling of enclose, etc)
   Surrounded, inclosed on all sides, means same as enclosed, see inclosure(s)
    above..

Q. incumbent
A. A person who holds an office, especially a clergyman who holds a benefice.

Q. inveteracy
A. Confirmed by time, or habit, also obstanacy.

Q. intrenchment
A. (less common spelling of entrencment)
   A trench, or ditch dug around a fort or castle to fortify same.

Q. jackdaws
A. Native English birds, of the crow family, black with grey head.

Q. justest
A. Justice, justly.

Q. juxta               HUTTON juxta RUDBY
A. Juxta = near to.

Q. kittywake
A. kittywake - oceanic gull having pale grey black tipped wings and a square cut
    tail.

Q. labours      (American = labor)
A. Works, toils.

Q. labourers    (American = laborers)
A. Manual workers, usually unskilled. Though the term applied to farm workers,
who were often multi skilled, e.g. agricultural labourers.

Q. liberty             a part in the liberty of St. Peter
A. A liberty was a manor, or group of manors, or other area lying outside the
    juristriction of the sheriff. It had a separate Commission of Peace.

Q. liveries
A. don't know - probably "supper" from the context.
 Context: (under Leckonfield)
   They breakfasted at seven, dined at ten, and supped at four: after which,
   between eight, and nine o'clock in the evening, they had their 'liveries'
   that is to say, "for my Lord and Lady, bread, as at breakfast;....

Q. Lixivium            of its salt set by to crystallise
A. Lyx, water impregnated with alkaline salts taken from wood-ashe.

Q. magazine            coal magazine
A. A store for weapons, explosives or coal.

Q. manchets          (two manchets of the finest meal)
A. A small loaf of fine wheaten bread.

Q. manor
A. A landed estate consisting of a demesne and certain rights over lands held
    by freehold tenants etc.

Q. mark (currency)
A. (Historically) English money of account valued at two thirds of an English
    pound.(13s 4d)

Q. medieties     (the church has 2 medieties, one given by .......)
A. ?

Q. Messuage.
A. A dwelling house with land and out-buildings. A Capital Messuage was the
    house (manor), of the Lord of the Manor, or similar large residence, also
    know as a "mese".

Q. moted
Q. moated
A. A fortification which is surrounded by a moat around it, "moated", a moat is
    a deep ditch filled with water.

Q. monody
A. Poem of lament for someones death

Q. mouldering
A. Crumbling, wasting.

Q. nigh
A. Near, close.

Q. nitre
A. Saltpetre, or potassium nitrate.

Q. obelisk
A. A retantangular column or monumental structure which tapers to a point at
    the top.

Q. oxgangs             with  2 caracutes, and 2 oxgangs of land
A. One eighth of a ploughland. B.N. See Bovate above re. ploughland.

Q. one market-town
A. A town with a market, usually granted by Royal Charter.

Q. ordonance
A. ?
 Context: (under Rokeby)
   The front extends 96 feet it has a rustic basement, and in the centre four
   columns and two pilasters support Corinthian ordonance.

Q. parish
A. A place having it's own church and priest, also an old poor law district, see
    Alms-house, hospital.

Q. parish-town
A. A town or village containing the Parish Church.

Q. patent of Queen Elizabeth     (what did patent mean then?)
A. Granted by, appointed by, or licenced by the Crown (in this case the Queen).
     N.B. Patents, as per inventions did not exist until c1620ies.

Q. patron
A. One who has/ had the right to present a "church living" e.g. appoint the
     vicar or priest. Also a person who funded education (for an individual or
     groups e.g. grammer schools, local schools), causes (funding the building
     of churches, hospitals, alms-houses etc), arts (individuals, in all forms
     of the arts, painting, music, crafts and the buidling of galleries,
     theatres).

Q. peculiar jurisdiction (used with other words-what does it say?)
A. An area (property and lands) within an archdeaconary, but outside the
    duristriction of the archdeacon and usually the bishop. These were often the
    properties of either church officials from another diocese, or the lord of
    the manor.

Q. peculiar
A. See above.

Q. pedlary             pedlary-ware.
A. Small goods sold by a pedlar, (a pedlar was a travelling salesman with no
     base, a Chapman was the same but had a "warehouse")>

Q. Pence
A. English currency. See Preface.

Q. peppercorn rent
A. rent that is very low or nominal (but not zero)

Q. plough
A. American= plow

Q. pompous house
Q. pompous embassy
A. In both cases pompous in this context means splendid, outstanding, imposing.

Q. pon
A. Upon.

Q. popish recusant convict.
A. Roman Catholic person convicted (and usually thrown into jail) of failing
    to take the oath of allegiance and failing to go to the Church of England
    church every Sunday. (Henry VIII had a thing against the pope, refer to
    English History).

Q. porch
A. low structure projecting from the door of a house, church, or other building
     and forming a covered entrance. (NOT a veranda as in the USA)

Q. post-town
A. The town in which the post riders would change (post-)horses (at the
     post-house!)

Q. prebend
A. Stipend assigned by a cathedral or collegiate church to a canon or other
     member of a chapter.

Q. prebendary
A. Someone who holds a prebend.

Q. preferred           was preferred to the bishopric of Bristol
A. Was installed, appointed or promoted to....".

Q. Pre-monstratensian
A. Period before a shrine was consecrated.

Q. priory
A. Abbey, monastery.

Q. Propraetor          of Britain.
A. A Roman magistrate, in old script the "ae" was combined, e,g joined together.

Q. puffin
A. northern diving bird, having a black and white plumage and a brightly
    coloured vertically flattened bill, lives in burrows.

Q. purgative
A. a drug or agent for purging (emptying) the bowels.

Q. quarters of grayne
A. The old quarter of grain was 3lbs 8ozs, the more modern and better known
     quarter is 28lbs. (quarter of a hundred-weight (cwt.))

Q. Quatrefoil
A. (in achitechture) a carved ornament having four foils arranged about a common
     centre.

Q. Querns              Querns and stone instruments
A. Millstones used for grinding grain etc..

Q. Riding              ???
A. From the old English word thriding = a third part. Yorkshire is/ was divided
    into Three Ridings, East Riding, North Riding and West Riding.

Q. riding-house
A. ?
  The entrance is directly out of the street for coaches, through a narrow
   passage into a large riding-house, then through the anti-space of two
   stables, and so up to the house door.  In the hall is an antique basso
   relievo of a Bacchanalian group.
     <it sounds like the part of a manor where the carriages were kept as
      opposed to the stables where the horses were housed.  -RL>

Q. sardonyx
A. (a gem stone) a variety of chalcedony with alternating reddish-brown and
    white parallel bands. (Chalcedony is a form of quartz crystals arranged in
    parallel fibres)

Q. seat
A. rural seat = country home

Q. se'night            Monday se'night before Christmas-day
A. The night before?

Q. seigniory
A. A feudal domain.  Also to have power or authority over, as sovereign lord.

Q. sepulture
A. to do with sepulchres (and the rights thereof);  the rights to a tomb(s)

Q. sequestrator
A. Person who officially appropriates enemy property
  Context:
       James Pennyman, Esq in the time of Charles I. raised a troop of horse in
   support of the royal cause; and to defray the sum of 700L. levied on him for
   his loyalty by the sequestrators in the civil wars, he was obliged to dispose
   of a part of his estate at Ormesby, which was sold to Mr. Elwes, for 3,500L.
   It was re-purchased after divers alienations by the late Sir James Pennyman
   for 47,500L. Graves.
       ....... he was on the wrong side and was assessed a penalty. -RL

Q. serjeant (various spellings)
A. Court or Municipal officer with special duties.
A. Military Non-commissioned rank.

Q. shew
Q. shewed
A. Old word for show or showed, "to show ".

Q. Shooting-Box
A. A shelter, usually on the moorland which provides cover (a screen) for grouse
 and deer shooters. A hunting lodge or cottage is the accommodation, normally on
 a private estate, which the shooters (hunters) use during the season. (The
 "season" being the time of the year the grouse and deer can legally be shot).

Q. siever
A. one who sieves IBM punched cards :-)   (meaning given in the main text!)

Q. signalise
A. to make noteworthy.

Q. sinecure
A. Church benefice to which no spiritual charge is attached.
  Context: (under Osmotherley)
       The prebendaries of Osmotherly being mentioned on the records in the time
   of Edward I. some have thought this to have been a collegiate church; but it
   seems rather to have been a rectory, divided into three distinct parts or
   portions, and it is so rated in the Lincoln taxation.  But it was afterwards
   of [three sinecure portions], and a vicar endowed.  Yet in the archbishop's
   certificate of all hospitals, colleges, &c. anno 37, Henry VIII. there is "
   the three prebends simpters within the parish church of Osmotherley, the
   yearly value 18L" -Tanner.
    ....the definition doesn't get me through this.  -RL>
    ....nor me, but the definition is correct! -CH)

Q. sprats (sproits)
A. a small fish of the herring family

Q. stile of dean.
A. title of dean.

Q. style
A. to name, to call, to designate.

Q. superannuated       scholars   (?)
A. A person in receipt of superanuation (a pension), privately funded, not
    normally government assisted.

Q. standeth
A. modern= stands

Q. straggling          It is a straggling place
A. Scattered,  spread out irregularly. (usually lengthwise - the place would
    have few houses, but all on the road side with a lot of space between them).

Q. sulphur Spaw
A. sulphur Spa

Q. sustenation
A. sustenance

Q. temp.
A. tempore (latin - in the time of)

Q. Templar (Knights of)
A. A member of a military order (Knights of the Temple of Solomon) founded by
    Crusaders in Jeruselem around 1118; suppressed in 1312. (See History, -
    The Crusades - where King Richard was in the time of Robin Hood).

Q. tenure in chief for Knight's service      the expression ?
A. The land holdings, properties etc; a Knight held in return for military
     service, and the provision of men and arms to the Crown.

Q. terrene
A. of the earth, worldly, mundane.

Q. tesselated.
A. A type of coloured tiling, e.g mosaic.

Q. towne
A. Town; a collection of houses larger than a village, smaller than a city.
     Originally a walled or fortified place.

Q. township                 2 f.h. 33, which being united form a township
A. A civil (non military) division of a parish, which used to be a separate area
    for levying the poor-rate. It had it's own constable, an earlier term was
    "Vill".

Q. translated          in 1714 translated to the see of London
A. Transfered, or moved to.

Q. trefoil window
A. A window of Clover leaf design.

Q. trencher
A. wooden board on which food was served.

Q. tumulus
A. A mound, eg a grave.

Q. twopenny
A. Two pence.

Q. untoward.
A. (in this case) awkward, perverse.

Q. upwards - see glossard intro.

Q. vapory
A. don't know, but probably means "damp" or "foggy".

Q. valetudinarian
A. a person who is chronically sick.

Q. vallum
A. a rampart or earthwork (usually Roman)

Q. vestigia
A. Trace or sign; mark of something that has been.

Q. viands
A. (singular) a type of food especially a delicacy
A. (plural) provisions (as in food)

Q. Vicar
A. A member of the clergy in charge of a parish.  Has same ecclesiastical
    status as a Rector, but can be sacked (fired) - normally the Rector cannot
    be fired.

Q. vicarage
A. The benefice of a Vicar, or the residence (HOUSE) in which the vicar lives.

Q. village
A. A group of houses or cottages, smaller than a town.

Q. viz.                is this per current usage ?
A. Meaning namely, to wit. and read as so.

Q. votary
A. a devoted adherent to a cause, religion etc.

Q. wapentake
A. A sub-division within some of the counties in Northern England.  The
     equivalent in other counties is the "hundred". It is an administrative
     district.

Q. warrant
A. To give power, or right to do; legal permission to act.

Q. warren              a charter of free warren for all his demesne lands
A. The right to preserve and hunt in a stated area anything furred (rabbits etc)
     of feathered (grouse and similar), but not deer or boar. Or an area of land
     appropriate for breeding and preserving game (e.g. grouse, rabbits etc, or
     the part of a river or stream for breeding or preserving fish).

Q. warrener            see coney-warren above
A. Keeper of the warren, or coney warren.

Q. west-division of
A. west part of

Q. Whit-Tuesday        Whit-Tuesday, for woollen goods,
A. Whitsuntide, a Christian festival seven weeks after Easter.

Q. Wolds
A. The (only) range of hills in the East Riding of Yorkshire (known as the
    Yorkshire Wolds).

Q. Yorkists
A. See English History, - The Wars of the Roses.

============================================================================

Q. buildid
A. built

Q. castel
A. castle.

Q. castelle
A. Castle.

Q. caulid
a. called

Q. chaynid
A. chained.

Q. consystinge
A. consisting

Q. courte
A. courtyard

Q. cummith
A. comes

Q. cumpace
A. circumference

Q. est ende
A. east end

Q. eche
A. each

Q. epperith
A. appears

Q. grayne
A. Grain

Q. haulle
A. hall

Q. hille
A. Hill.

Q. larg
A. Large.

Q. longid
A. belonged.

Q. meatly         (and meatly well woddid)
A. don't know, probably means "mostly"

Q. mene
A. ?

Q. onely
A. Only.

Q. origine
A. origin

Q. paroche
A. parish

Q. praty
A. pretty.

Q. rennith
A. runs

Q. ruinus
A. ruined

Q. seme
A. seem

Q. stode
A. stood

Q. stondith
A. stands

Q. sumtyme
A. sometime

Q. tembre
A. timber

Q. topp
A. Top.

Q. tumbes
A. Tombs.

Q. tymbre
A. timber

Q. tyme
A. time

Q. waulle
A. wall

Q. woddid
A. wooded

Q. ye
A. You.

Q. yn
A. in

