WPC( 
      2      B       N   Z           Roman 10cpi  "| x            \x \	    @  X@Epson LX-800                         EPLX800.PRS  x 
   @         XN|X@ USUK  3'                                          3'Standard                                  6&                                          6& Standard    X-800         +Y                                           2      7  	    9     ;   Z   K  +Y+ "| x        HP LaserJet III                      HPLASIII.PRS x 6X    @  ,\,VX@ 2         N     v   ,  p      USUK  3'                                          3'Standard                                  6&                                          6& Standard        HPLASIII.PRS x 6X    +                                          Courier 10cpi CG Times (Scalable) Courier 10cpi (Bold) Courier 10cpi (Italic) a8Document g        Document Style  Style                                       X X`	`	  `	

a4Document g        Document Style  Style                                      .   2 5  k   D  k          v     a6Document g        Document Style  Style                                    G  X  

a5Document g        Document Style  Style                                   }    X (#

a2Document g        Document Style  Style                                  < o  
   ?                    A.        

a7Document g        Document Style  Style                                   y    X  X`	`	 (#`	

 2 	  t   g       	   u  
   	  Bibliogrphy          Bibliography                                             :   X 
 (#

a1Right Par         Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers                        : ` S  @                   I.  
  X (#

a2Right Par         Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers                        	C  	   @`	                  A.    `	`	 (#`	

a3Document g        Document Style  Style                                  
B 
 b 
   ?                     1.        
 2      	     
  
   R       a3Right Par         Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers                        L ! 
   `	`	 @P
                  1.  `	`	   (#

a4Right Par         Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers                        U  j   `	`	  @                  a.    `	 (#

a5Right Par         Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers                        
_ o    `	`	   @h                  (1)    hh# (#h

a6Right Par         Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers                        h     `	`	   hh# @$                  (a)  hh#  ( (#

 2      
     
            a7Right Par         Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers                        p fJ    `	`	   hh# ( @*                  i)  (  h- (#

a8Right Par         Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers                        y W" 3!   `	`	   hh# ( - @p/                  a)  -  pp2 (#p

a1Document g        Document Style  Style                                  X q q
    
   l   ^)                       I.           ׃

Tech Init             Initialise Technical Style                              .  
k    I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)                 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1                                      Technical                                             2           9          n  a5Technical         Technical Document Style                               ) W D                   (1)  .  a6Technical         Technical Document Style                               )  D                   (a)  .  a2Technical         Technical Document Style                               < 6  
   ?                    A.        

 a3Technical         Technical Document Style                               9 W g 
   2                    1.        
  2      G               5  a4Technical         Technical Document Style                               8 bv {    2                     a.        
 a1Technical         Technical Document Style                               F ! < 
   ?                         I.           

 a7Technical         Technical Document Style                               ( @ D                   i)  .  a8Technical         Technical Document Style                               (  D                   a)  .   2 &      /    	     Z  $  Pleading              Header for numbered pleading paper                     P@  n                         $]        X    X`	hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?A                                         y    *                    d       d d                                                                         y y    *                    d       d d                                                                         y 

HH 1

HH 2

HH 3

HH 4

HH 5

HH 6

HH 7

HH 8

HH 9

H 10

H 11

H 12

H 13

H 14

H 15

H 16

H 17

H 18

H 19

H 20

H 21

H 22

H 23

H 24

H 25

H 26

H 27

H 28	 + 	 ӋDoc Init             Initialise Document Style                                	  
 
               p-p-p-    I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)                 I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)                                     Document g                                           "  4|Jx		^ Y d     d d d  d d d d           d d ,,         d u               d d d   d      d   S S  S      o u S          , d            d d d d              S                        d S d S d S d S                                                                           d S d S d S d S   u      S  S  S  S  S               o  o  o  u  u  u  u  S  S  S                             S    o  u  S            d                   d             d d W ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x N         d  z z       j     j   d d      N N ,,     , ,                    d                     i    j " ,,,,  ,,,  ,,   ,,,                            ,,,  '    d d ,,,,,  ,          x d ,     , ,  d         ,,          ,,,,, ,    ,,,,,,,,,,,,,  ,,,,,,  ,,,,,,    , ,      ,,                                                                                                                                                          ,,                    ,                ,,                  ,       ,  ,,,                                                                                                                            d          d          d          d                                                                                                                                                          u       d S                                  u  S S                d d                                                                 u u u u u u u                     S S S S S S S S S S S S                                        d             d       d   x  ? x x x ,    wx 6X   @ 8; X@  T  d Y ,  +z     P 7P ? x x x , "  x     ` B; X9 V " G ( $ ,  hG     P 7hP ? x x x , 7  Ax 6N h 
; XHǰ< r6ǰ FðŰ36DD6DD6]Q;v >ǰu3ðŰ԰Ȱ3W=԰QWY_s԰vs ߁԰5԰ 2       /'  F   ^       ,             "  m+O6^$(8<<k](((<k((((<<<<<<<<<<((xkx5kWLRYLGWY(/TLmYWEWP@LYWqWWN(((<<(5<5<5(<<!!<!]<<<<,/!<<W<<55<5x( <<  <<<(((( <<<<<< <<<! W5W5W5W5W5kPR5L5L5L5L5(!(!(!(!Y<W<W<W<W<Y<Y<Y<Y<W<W5Y<W<W<W<Y<E<W5W5W5R5R5R5R5Y<L5L5L5L5W<W<W<W<W<W<Y<Y<(!(!(!(!XC/ T<L!L!L!L!L!Y<YGY<Y<W<W<kWP,P,P,@/@/@/@/L!L!L!Y<Y<Y<Y<Y<Y<qWW<N5N5N5  Y<L!Y<P,@/L!W<W<Y<W<Y<(     <<   (      ((WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNWWW< <<(511<<i<<<kk<*<<<<k* (( >><kxx<<II[x<x<W< GddCCk     (>      <  q   *"xxxxWWxxx<Wxx>WWkkxxx             <kkxxx  k<((xxxxxWIxkWWWWWWWWWWx(x<W<C<kxWxP<(<W5<EW]NxxWWWWWWWWWWxxxxx8xWWWWxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxWWxxxxxxdPI]xWx   xx    3G                                               WWWW                       xx          x        xx         xWWW<WWxWWxxx   WW   W5   WWWW5   WWWWW   WWW   WWW   WWW   WWWWWWWWWWWWWW     W   WWWWWW    WWWWWWWW(   WWW(   WWW(   WWW(   WWWW   W                                                   W   WWWW   WWWWILC  ICP5L/N5Y<W5(!T5PCmCY5P<W5WIE<I< <L5W5PIWC]IIII/<!!555I5I I II ((<<<<<          <<         IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII///////<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<!!!!!!!!!!!!5555555555555555555IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII(  E  WLY(WWI<5( x R      U   d	
   4         000@@@PPP```ppp yRY , . 
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          
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    2 s  
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  23  	1ad d     h  I %     4 [#  u2    @kC Ll(@#     22 
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|    Q     P      	  kL15   	
d d     h  I %     4 f#\#  u2    @kC Ll(@#     23 
|    Q     P      	  23   	Jd d     h  I %     4 u#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      8 
|    Q     P      	  I 8   	d d     h  I %     4 r/C#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      9 
|    Q     P      	   9   	d d     h  I %     4 =
,!#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      3 
|    Q     P      	  
 3   	U"d d     h  I %     4 yO!6$#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      5 
|    Q     P      	  U" 5   	Q&d d     h  I %     4 %"=)#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      8 
|    Q     P      	  O& 8   	"}%d d     h  I %     4 e#w$")'#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      5 
|    Q     P      	  #}% 5   	d d     h  I %     4 ]$O #  u2    @kC Ll(@#      8 
|    Q     P      	   8   	 d d     h  I %     4 !J'@#  u2    @kC Ll(@#     15 
|    Q     P      	  !15   	$Ud d     h  I %     4 =%O*#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      3 
|    Q     P      	  %U 3   	(l
d d     h  I %     4 C)f	 /#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      2 
|    Q     P      	  )l
 2   	1-d d     h  I %     4 2'b8#  u2    @kC Ll(@#      4 
|    Q     P      	  2- 4   	o*;d d     h  I %     4 +40#  u2    @kC Ll(@#     12 
|    Q     P      	  l+;12   	v1d d     h  I %     4 $27{#  u2    @kC Ll(@#     10 
|    Q     P      	  u210 PP
  P
  UI %     4 .( #  	2    @kC Ll|
@#     I1 
j1    l     P      	  I1 I %     4 D6=#  	2    @kC Ll|
@#     I2 
j1    l     P      	  6I2 I %     4 10#  	2    @kC Ll|
@#     M1 
j1    l     P      	  M1 I %     4 0s7$#  	2    @kC Ll|
@#     M2 
j1    l     P      	  U0 M2 I %     4 o*e.#  	2    @kC Ll|
@#     M3 
j1    l     P      	  G
+M3   ?s$   4              U UUUUUUUUUUUU  
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,;#  2    @kC LlM@#     A
    s     P        5*A2828
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i5;#  2    @kC LlM@#     B
    s     P        2B$;8$;8
  $;8$;G #     2 :
=;#  2    @kC LlM@#     C
    s     P        $;C5*85*8
  5*8$;8  	~ ~     h  G #     2 2/?#  2    @kC LlM@#     B
    s     P        8B  	~ ~     h  G #     2 	*"#  2    @kC LlM@#     A
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#  2    @kC LlM@#     C
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  G #     2 2z?
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   u @ a& MANUALă


This is a version of manual for packages MAPBASIN, CURRMOD and
ANCOPOL which is contained in Chapter 9. of the book:

a N. Limic, R. Beni and B. Tomas:
!a MODELLING OF TRANSPORT IN COATSAL SEAS NAD LAKES

a ELSEVIER, Amsterdam, 1995





Zagreb, 01.04.1993.            p-++  
 For those who would like to read the Manual with more or
less interest the following three general remarks regarding the
purpose and design of the packages could be useful.

   ?   The purpose of packages. Briefly, the purpose is an analysis
of pollution and water management in coastal seas and shallow
lakes. For such a task there are two phases of processing. In the
first phase the parameters of transport models must be predicted,
such as the mean current, intensities of sources, extinction rate
of considered substance, and the mass balance must be calculated.
In the second phase testings of influence of new sources of
pollution as well as replacement of old sources can be carried
out. The first phase is basically a tedious inverse modelling
problem for the prediction of parameters. The second phase
consists of various direct usage of transport models for which
the parameters are predicted in the first phase.
 The Manual describes only the first phase. There is one
chapter in the book where the second phase is described utilizing
three case studies. A copy of the manuscript of this chapter is
not included in this mail.

   ? 0  Conditions of transport. Having this in mind the following
explanation is necessary to understand why the package is
designed only for the stationary transport.
 The package is a result of our experiences with analysis of
pollution and environmental study for certain number of bays,
marine construction works, and rescue operations of shipwrecks
with dangerous load. In the phase of parameter determination of
models only data on stationary transport could be found. Let me
stress that databank on substances in the North Adriatic sea is
one among the worldrichest. The data have been collected since
the year 1920 when the Navy of Austrian Monarchy regularly used
to measure certain physical and chemical parameters in the
region.
 One can easily imagine many causes of nonstationary
transport in the sea belonging to the class of accidents
(instantaneous input). No representative set of data could be
found in order to predict parameters of the models. Thus a
modelling of such processes is an interesting academic task.
Without predicted model parameters the results are without any
credibility.

 There is one case of nonstationary transport which is very
important and for which data are available. This is the transport
from a permanent source in a current field with dominant tidal
component. In the Mediterranean sea because of small tides these
problems are not extensively studied and data could not be found.
According to our experience we know that a useful computer
package for pollution can originate only after solving a number
of practical problems. We have had no chance to analyze these
problems till now.
   (         p-++     ?    
     
  9.1. ON SOFTWARE FOR TRANSPORT MODELLING

 In a discussion about available software on the transport
it is convenient to follow tradition and divide the modelling of
transport into two separate entities, the modelling of currents
and modelling of dispersion. Very sophisticated software packages
of current models are available. They cover linear as well as
nonlinear models. Usually larger computer facilities are needed
for a use of such software packages. Software packages
implementing transport models with dispersion and advection are
also available. Most of them are designed for linear dispersion
equation. One would conclude that a construction of new software
packages on transport problem is superfluous. However, this might
be a too quick conclusion. Certain facts about these software
packages, brought to our minds, can easily change our opinion.
For available software packages the following general
characteristic can be drawn:
  It takes sometimes few days in order to prepare data for
using one or the other group of software packages.
  Resulting outputs from software packages on current models
are not compatible with procedures for defining input for
dispersion models.
 For a teacher wishing to demonstrate the theory of transport
modelling by using a software package or for a student wishing
to learn about the transport modelling the two mentioned
objections can be irritating enough to cause a withdrawal rather
than encouragement to use a software package. In authors opinion
there is a vacancy between the existing powerful and
sophisticated software packages for a description of a complex
transport and an absence of a user's friendly, selfcontained and
easily accessible software package for an analysis of pollution
in a coastal sea or lake. Three software packages, MAPBASIN,
CURRMOD and ANCOPOL, distributed with this book are designed to
eliminate encountered difficulties and encourage their use. Their
functions are:

  to create a single user's file containing data on
geometry, currents and concentrations (substance) by drawing
charts, sample stations and other objects, on the screen,
  to model currents, winddriven and residual, and generate
all necessary output files fully compatible with the procedure
for input for the next phase of processing,
  to model the transport with advection, dispersion and
extinction in the current field constructed in the previous
phase,
  to calculate a complete mass balance,
  to enable a user to incorporate results and illustrations
of the processing into a document by using a text editor such as
WordPerfect,

and doing all this by sitting at a desk with a PC on it. Since
a standard configuration of a PC is 640 kB of RAM, the three
software packages distributed with the book are designed for this
smaller configuration. We believe that all the needs in teaching
and learning "how to use the transport models" are covered by
this version. For environmental engineering this version cannot   *        p-++  be satisfactory. In problems, that the authors used to solve, a
demand for larger configuration was permanently present. The
version for 2MB of RAM, or more, can be obtained from the first
author.
 The limit of 640 kB has caused two difficulties in the
design that could be worthy to mention and describe. In numerical
realizations of current models of Chapter 3 and stationary
transport problem of Chapter 6. an algebraic system of linear
equations must be solved. The order of system is related directly
   C  to the roughness of numerical mesh Mh. The solvers must be
designed to use the maximum available memory. In our case the
solvers use the minimum load size up to 552464 bytes. Due to this
circumstance the packages CURRMOD and ANCOPOL can be executed
only if all unnecessary resident programs are removed. The first
of two mentioned difficulties is a permanent requirement of
switching between the original configuration and a feasible
configuration for running CURRMOD and ANCOPOL. The other
difficulty is necessity to execute solvers from the lowest
possible level, practically from DOS. Therefore, CURRMOD and
ANCOPOL are designed as batch files containing certain number of
DOS commands and .EXE modules. Some of these .EXE modules are
used to execute other modules. Let us call them coordinating
modules. When a solver must be executed a coordinating module
must be left and the execution runs from a batch file.
 Modules for all three packages are written in MSFORTRAN77,
Turbo Pascal and Turbo C. The coordinating modules are written
in Pascal, for graphics  the C is used and numerics is carried
out in FORTRAN programs. In the version designed for nMB, n  2,
of RAM the solvers are written in NDPFORTRAN.

   ? t  9.2. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS AND INSTALLATION

   ?   Getting started. 
 All three software packages, MAPBASIN, CURRMOD and ANCOPOL
are designed for an IBMPC or AT or compatible, with

  a hard disk with at least 4MB free space and a 3.5"
   floppy disk drive,
  RAM of 640 KB at least,
  VGA graphic card and monitor,
  an Epson compatible printer,
  an empty, formatted floppy disk (for the drive A:)

If a digitizer is available it can be used, optionally, with
MAPBASIN. Required software is DOS 3.3. or later versions.

   ? #  Installation of packages.
 The procedure consists of following steps:

 1. Your PC, monitor, and printed are turned on,
 2. Insert Diskette No. 1 into the 3.5" (or 5.3") floppy
diskette drive,
 3. Change the current drive to be the diskette drive in
which Diskette No. 1 is inserted,
 4. Run MCA_INST by typing MCA_INST and striking <ENTER> key,
 5. Follow massages and instructions on your monitor.   *         p-++  Ԍ The installation is simple. At the beginning of description
we assume that the drive for 3.5. inches is A:.
 Diskette No. 1 must be inserted into the drive A: and the
directory must be changed to this drive. After typing MCA_INST
and <ENTER> the first screen is
                  1                                  ""              1                                  
!  b`	                     d d f  RECE.DAT                                                      Remember,  MCA_INST  is harmless to your computer. Its
purpose is:
      - to check whether your computer installation is    
         compatible with requirements of the packages
      - to install MAPBASIN, CURRMOD and ANCOPOL if this  
         checking finishes successfully.
For a proper installation and successful running you must
have at least 4 megabytes of available space on your hard
drive.
$  """"`	! "$ 
Press ENTER to continue (or ESCAPE to abort) the installation.

and after the user presses <ENTER> the installation continuous.
The following message is

Do you have colour (C) or black & white (B) monitor? (C/B):

and the user should reply by typing <C><ENTER > or <B><ENTER>.
The next step of installation is the choice of directory. The
user is informed about the default choice and asked wether to
make a change:

By default the three packages will be installed to C:\MACURAN.

Do you wish the instalation to this directory? (Y/N):

If the answer is <Y> the installation proceeds. Otherwise the
user must define the directory. There must be available enough
space on hard disk for an efficient execution of the packages.
Therefore the checking of space on hard disk is carried out. In
the case of a deficiency of space on hard disk the user is
informed and the installation aborts. Otherwise, the user is
informed about a successful checking. The graphical card must be
VGA. The checking of the card is also carried out and the user
is informed about the result of checking. After all checkings are
over the actual installation is performed and the user can see
the names of files being unpacked and copied to the defined
directory on hard disk. The user must define colours to be used
for messages and illustrations of the three packages. This
procedure starts with the following screen: 0  %        p-++ `	"G  !  0  
  ""              1             !                    ""              1                                  
A  t}x                  p   d d f  BUCO.LST                                             t           A number of messages in CURRMOD and ANCOPOL
     are given inside boxes such as this one.    
        Your are asked to adjust colours.      

$  "" }}  A }D $ 
 A }D  
 A }D  
 A }D  
 A }D  
 A }D  
  }}x""   
The index of TEXTCOLOUR is: 15
The index of BACKCOLOUR is:  0

Type T to increase the index of TEXTCOLOUR.
Type B to increase the index of BACKCOLOUR.

If the user presses <ENTER> the processing continues and the
colour of messages will be the same as shown on the present
screen. If the user presses any other key except <T> or <B>
nothing is changed. Therefore, the user is advised to press <B>
and <T>, starting with <B>, in order to adjust colours. After <T>
or <B> are pressed the first time there appear another message

 a  }                  p   d d f  BUCO.LST                                                     After colours are chosen, press ENTER to continue. $  ""h}}  a }D $ 
 a }D  
 a }D  
 a }D  
  }}""   
informing the user how to continue. The next information is

3  b                      d d f  BUCO.LST                                                       Illustrations. There are three colours to be chosen,
        a) filling the region (the sea),
        b) current vanes (pointing downstream),
        c) twinkling mark.                 3$  """"x "$ 
followed by the message "reading data" and moving 5 dots. When
this finishes and the user presses <ENTER> there appears an
illustration of basin (domain D), current field across this basin
and a blinking mark in the middle of basin. This mark will denote
points on coastal boundary where inputs are defined. When the
blinking finishes the user is asked wether to accept the offered
colours.

   H}'                  p  d d f  BUCO.LST                                             H            Do you wish to accept these colours?
                   (Y/N): $  ""`"}}   }D $ 
  }D  
  }D  
  }D  
  }D  
  }}H&""   
In the case the user answers <Y> the procedure continues. If the
answer is <N> there appear two boxes (see the picture on this
page). In the one, on the right hand side, the user is informed
how to change colours and in the other the indices of colours as
well as colours themselves are displayed. Therefore, the user has
to press <F>, <C> or <M> in order to increase the value of index `  *        p-++A }xD 	  A  }D   a  "{    }'D W*    `  of any of the colours. New values of indices and corresponding
colours are immediately displayed. After the colours are chosen 
the user must press <ENTER> to display the same illustration of
basin in new colours. This procedure can be repeated until the
colours are defined in a satisfactory way.

 y !  x`	                    d	
   Z     AAA.TIF                                                         y  $  """"! "$ 
 In the last step of installation the existence of a mouse
driver must be checked. If the Mouse driver is found the user is
informed about the sucessful end of installation finishes by the
message:

_  b!                     d d f  RECE.DAT                                                      The installation is finished. Remove the diskette from the
disk unit. Further instructions are contained in Chapter 9.
of book: 
            N. Limic, R Beni and B. Tomas:
       Modelling transport in coastal seas and lakes.
_$  """"@ "$ 
If the mouse driver is not found the user is asked wether to
include one:

Are you planning to use moues with these packages? (Y/N):

In the case of answer <N> the instalation finishes. Otherwise the
user must specify the mouse driver, the full filename imcluding
the path. @  h)        p-++! `	"  !  !"s'    @     ?     9.3. DATA AND USER'S FILE

   ?   Data on geometry.
   ? X  User's file. For a given basin all data for processing
(geometry, current and concentration) must be contained in a
single file having the extension BAY. Two files of this type,
MANUAL.BAY and COMPLEX.BAY are supplied with diskettes. The file
must be contained in the subdirectory \DOC to the directory
containing any of the packages MAPBASIN, CURRMOD or ANCOPOL which
has to be executed. For instance, during the installation
procedure a default option is offered to create the directory
C:MACURAN containing the three software packages, and the
subdirectory C:MACURAN\DOC containing the three mentioned user's
files. A file containing data for processing is called the user's
file in the following.
 The user's file is written in ASCII code. Each row of this
file can contain only one data to be processed. Data is processed
only if the corresponding row starts with an appropriate code
such as "M1,", "S," e.t.c. Otherwise the information is skipped
or an error is recorded and processing is aborted. If the row
starts with "x" the content of such row is regularly skipped so
that these codes in the first column of a row can be used to
write comments such as

x data bellow must be checked
x, data correspond to the western bank

The first row of a user's file is always skipped. Only 1001 of
the beginning rows of a user's file are searched for data to be
processed. The remaining part of file is not read.

   ? 8   Geometry. In Section 3.2. a basin is defined by the pair
{D,H}, where D is a twodimensional domain representing the free
surface of basin and H is a positive function defining the
   C  topography of bottom. The domain D is modelled by Dh containing
grid squares as discussed in Section 3.2. The function H must be
interpolated from data. The subject of this section is a
presentation of a typical procedure for defining D and H and
forming a file with respective data.
 There are three possibilities to define {D,H}:

  manually by using an editor,
  drawing the chart of basin by using a mouse or the arrowkeys,
  by digitizer.

Defining a domain and forming the corresponding user's file by
using a mouse or arrowkeys is definitely the easiest and
quickest way. Generally, the accuracy of such procedure depends
on user's skill to imitate a map of basin by mouse or arrowkeys
from a map of basin fixed on desk or a copy holder. It would be
better to avoid the name "digitizing" for such procedure.
However, a little effort is needed to avoid arbitrariness. The
chart can be covered with a rectangular grid and to each gridline assigned the corresponding coordinate value (see Figure
9.3.1). During the digitizing the coordinates of cursor position   *        p-++  are recorded and their values displayed on the margin of screen.
By comparing cursor coordinates and grid coordinates on the chart
the error of digitizing is reduced to the gridstep of mesh on
the chart. For learning how to use and run the package it is most
convenient to describe the digitizing by using mouse. Therefore,
the use of mouse is described in the next section.
 A map with the considered basin is a proper object to start
with. A desk chart, illustrating in Figure 9.3.1. can be used as
well, if such chart is subtracted from a map. It is assumed that
                Figure 1      !                                    Figure 1                             A  xR     w              ?1  d d   SLIKA.WPG                                         	   x  Df    ?    Figure 9.3.1. The data on geometry in
MANUAL.BAY are generated from this chart.   $  ""  A "$ a chart contains all
 A " necessary objects for
 A " an analysis of
 A " pollution, such as
 A " data on geometry,
 A " current and
 A " concentration. Only
 A " data on geometry are
 A " discussed here. In
 A " the chart in Figure
 A " 9.3.1. data on
 A " geometry consists of
 A " 3 parts of coastal
 A " boundary M1, M2 and
 A " M3, two islands I1
 A " and I2, a peer P and
 A " data on depth at 21
 A " points with denoted
 A " values of depth.
 A " Apart from this we
 A " must have the scale
 A " of map defined in
 A " kilometers (parts of
   ""   kilometers) and roughness parameter. Thus, only those data on
geometry can be processed which have the form
 
Mk, x1,x2
Ik, x1,x2
P, x1, x2, y1, y2
H, x1, x2, m
U, s
O, n

where k in the symbols Mk and Ik must be one of the following 9
integers 1,2,...,9, x1 and x2 are coordinates of points
associated with defining geometrical object, m is depth in
meters, s is the scale of chart and n is number in the range 1000
3600. This number is called the roughness index. For a higher
   C $ value of this parameter a finer grid mesh Mh (Section 3.2) is
defined. The Pcode stands for peers. It contains four numbers,
the coordinates of the beginning and ending points of "peer". The
peer is modelled by a part of straight line between these two
pints. Some codes can be absent. An absence of Mk or Ikcodes
means that the corresponding objects are absent. If the U or Ocodes are absent their default values are taken. For a
processing, the default values for scale and roughness index are
1 km and 3600, respectively. Codes consisting of two symbols must 0  *	        p-++ "  A 	 0  be written in the first and second column of row and followed by
comma in the third column. Codes consisting of one symbol must
be written in the first column of row and followed by comma in
the second column.
 The meaning of coordinates x1, x2 is simple. A part of
coastal boundary is defined by a sequence of points along it. The
same is valid for an island boundary. Hence, the used
approximation of boundary B of D is defined by piecewise
straight lines. For defining the boundary in this manner it is
important to obey the following two rules:

   ?   Points of each part of boundary must be ordered in the
counterclockwise way. In other words, by moveing along the
boundary the basin (water) is always on the left hand side. The
first and last points corresponding to a particular code "Mk" are
not connected during the construction of boundary B. The first
and last point corresponding to each code "Ik" are automatically
connected. Hence, there is no need to finish a sequence of Ikcodes by including the starting row of this sequence at the end
   ?  of sequence.

 The coordinates x1 and x2 must be in units that are defined
by the Ucode. For instance, the row

U, 0.1

is interpreted that all the coordinates in the user's file have
unites in 0.1 km = 100 m. Thus, x1 = 1.34 is interpreted as 0.134
km.
   C   If the Ocode is missing the grid mesh Mh is constructed
with the maximal possible number of grid knots (n = 3600).
   C < Usually, the resulting grid mesh Mh is too large for available
   C  memory so that an automatic reduction of Dh and Mh is carried out.
In order to save time a user can insist on a rougher grid mesh
   C  Mh by defining the roughness such as "O, 1500" or "O, 2000," with
the symbols "O," in the first two columns. The roughness index
can be changed in a user's file by an editor. (In a version for
2MB of RAM, or more, the maximum value of roughness index  is
5000. A higher value of roughness index can produce a numerical
   C  mesh Mh which cannot be presented graphically with the standard
VGA graphic card and monitor).

   ?    It is preferable to define the U and Ocodes as the first
data to be processed. In this way the reading of data from file
   ? t" and processing are faster.

   ? $  Preparing the chart for digitizing. For an efficient
digitizing certain preliminary work with the chart must be
accomplished:
 1) The chart must contain all objects, necessary for
defining geometry of basin.
 2) A user's coordinate system is drawn on the chart in such
way that the whole basin is contained in a box on the map with
sides along the coordinate axes. (In general, the origin of the
user's coordinate system can have coordinates different from
{0,0}).   +
        p-++  Ԍ 3) The coordinates must be defined for lower left and upper
right corners of the box.
 4) Values of depth must be prescribed to points defining the
depth.
 So prepared chart is ready for digitizing by mouse or arrowkeys or digitizer.

   ? x  Writing data on geometry in user's file by using an editor.
In the case that the user's file is defined by using an editor
preliminary work with charts must be completed with additional
description of objects on the map:
 5) There must be marked carefully points on each part of the
coastal and island boundary. These points define an approximation
of boundaries. If we connect them by pieces of straight line we
generate a piecewise straight approximating of the boundaries.
Precisely this procedure is automatically carried out during the
processing as described in Section 3.2. These points are called
boundary markers.
 6) Two each boundary marker we must associate coordinates
in the selected users coordinate system.
 
 The user's file is written in ASCII code, row by row.
MANUAL.BAY is the name of user's file containing data from the
chart in Figure 9.3.1. This file is generated by using MAPBASIN
in the next section. The first 10 rows of MANUAL.BAY, and rows
109117 look as follows:

DOC\MANUAL.BAY   
LLUR,      0.00,      0.00,     20.00,     15.00
O,3600
U,0.75
M1,  0.22,  2.20
M1,  1.24,  2.16
M1,  1.24,  1.69
M1,  2.14,  1.61
M1,  2.48,  1.48
M1,  3.21,  1.39

H,  15.94,   6.04,   9.50
P,   7.83,   7.01,   8.90,  6.63
P,   8.90,   6.63,   9.18,  5.41
G,   2.42,   5.54,  -5.00,  0.50
C1,  9.35,  11.16,   0.00, -4.00
C1, 3.66,    7.83,   0.00,  0.00
C2, 14.03,   6.00,  -5.00,  1.00
F,  13.58,   8.03, -250.00
F,   3.16,   1.39, -200.00
WD,  -1.00,  -2.00
VW,   3.83,  15.00

   ? '  Forming the user's file by using mouse. We plan to form a
file with data on geometry. Data on current and concentration are
planned to be inserted into the file later. Therefore, it is
important to stress that the user's file can be extended by new
data on some later occasion. Of course, that the same chart must
be used for adding new data to the existing file. In this way   *        p-++  MAPBASIN has a similar function as an editor. 
 The second row of a user's file formed by MAPBASIN has the
form

LLUR, x1, x2, y1, y2

containing the coordinates of the lower left and upper right
corners of the box drawn on the map. Therefore, adding data by
MAPBASIN to an existing user's file is refused if such row is
absent, i.e.  if the user's file at hand is initially formed by
an editor. In the course of adding data to an existing user's
file by digitizing the user must be very carefully in placing the
digitizerpen upon the lower left and upper right corner of the
box of chart when asked to do so.

The actual use of MAPBASIN for generating the user's file
MANUAL.BAY is described in details in the next section. Now we
continue with describing other data defined in the user's file
which can be recognized and processed by CURRMOD or ANCOPOL.

   ?   Data on currents

   ? 0  Data on winddriven currents. From the construction of
general model for winddriven current in Section 3.6 it follows
that one has to define the direction of wind, its profile across
this direction, friction coefficients at bottom and free surface,
the Coriolis parameter and the normal component of velocity at
the open boundary. All data, except the normal component of
velocity at open boundary, are defined in a user's file by the
following five types of rows
  a  h`	      w              ?s$  d d     SLIKA.WPG                                            h`	  D; 
   ?   XX Figure 9.3.2. Data on wind.  $  ""p  a "$ 
 a " WD, d1, d2
 a " WP, w1, w2, w3
 a " WB, B
 a " WS, S
 a " Wf, f
 a " 
 a " The symbol "W" must be in
 a " the first column in
 a " accordance with general
 a " procedure of defining data
 a " in a user's file. The
 a " positive numbers after the
 a " codes "WB", "WS" are
 a " obviously the friction
 a " coefficients for bottom and
  #""   free surface in units m/s and 1/s, respectively. The real number
after the code "Wf" is the Coriolis force in units 1/s. Two real
numbers, d1 and d2 in the first row are components of the
   ? H& direction d of wind. There is no need to normalize the vector d.
   ? ' The processing aborts if d = 0. The profile of wind is defined
by three real numbers wk, k =1,2,3. They define the wind velocity
in m/s. Figure 9.3.2. can help us in description of these data.
The point B is defined as the geometrical centre of the numerical
   C 0* approximation Dh of the original domain D. The length AC is equal
to the typical length of basin. The numbers wk, k = 1,2,3, are 0  *        p-++  "'  a  0  values of wind velocities at the points A, B and C in m/s.
   ?   Positive values represent the same directions of wind as d, and
the negative values represent the opposite directions as
illustrated in Figure 9.3.2. (b). From three values of wind
velocity the profile is defined by interpolating a polynomial of
the second order. The WB, WS and Wfcodes can be absent. Their
default values are B = 0.001 m/s, S = f = 0.001 1/s. If the
codes "WD" or "WP" are not present the processing on winddriven
currents aborts.
   C                    Figure 1      a                                    Figure 1                            The normal component of velocity at any open boundary Bo is
defined during the processing by a usermonitor interaction.

   ? d	  Data on residual currents. Residual current is defined by
(a) current values at several points, (b) inflows and outflows
at rivers, channels and similar narrow water paths, and (c)
normal component of velocity at the open boundary. Again, this
normal component is defined during the processing as in the
previous case by contolling the processing. However, for fitting
current patterns data on concentration of a tracer can be used
to obtain a desirable pattern. Thus, the fourth type of data are
(d) data on tracer. Data are contained in rows with codes:

    0     w              ?06  d d   SLIKA.WPG                                         
   0  DH    ?    Figure 9.3.3.  Data on reidual
  current.  $  ""4::   :"$ G, x1, x2, v1, v2
  :" Ck, x1, x2, v1, v2
  :" F, x1, x2, f
  :" T, x1, x2, c
  :" 
  :" where k in the symbol Ck is any
  :" of integers 1,2,...,9. The
  :" symbol G represents a general
  :" point in the basin for which
  :" velocity field is known. The
  :" symbol Ck represents a point in
  :" the basin for which velocity
  :" field is known as in the
  :" previous case and in addition
  :" the corresponding value of
  :" velocity is used for defining
  :" the circulation around the kthe
  :" island. Thus, velocity fields at
  :" G and Ck are used to interpolate
  :: ""   velocity fields at these points. In addition, the circulation
around the island with code "Ik" is determined from velocities
of Ckpoints. There can be more than one Ckpoint with the same
k. The real numbers x1, x2 are coordinates of points, v1 and v2
are velocities in cm/s. The Fcode defines an inflow or outflow
of water. The value of flow is defined by the real number f in
   C $ m3/s. Positive values represent outflows and negative inflows in
accordance with the convention of defining the unit normal at
boundary points. In the row starting with the code "T," the
positive number c is the concentration of tracer at the point
with coordinates x1, x2. The units of tracer concentration are
arbitrary.

   ? 8*  Data on concentration
 0   +
         p-++ :"$   
 0  Ԍ Data on concentration consist of (a) general properties of
substance for which the transport is studied, (b) values of the
concentration at particular points in the  basin and along coast
and (c) net fluxes through open boundaries. Thus, natural or
background concentration, halflife of extinction can be included
in the first group, inputs at outfalls and fluxes through open
boundaries can be included in the third group. The package
ANCOPOL recognizes data on concentration if they are recorded in
rows of the following form:

BC,
   C  N,  co
E,  T
Bk, x1, x2, c
S,  x1, x2, c
BF, x1, x2, Q
Qn, x1, x2, Q
A,  x1, x2, Q

where the real numbers x1, x2 are coordinates of point as
previously. Other numbers have the following meaning. The
concentrations are denoted by the letter c and their values are
   C 4 in ppb = g/l. The natural or background concentration co must be
in this, same units. The inputs Q are in kg/month, the halflive
of extinction, T, is in days. The code Bk, k = 1,2,...,9, means
"the boundary concentration point", S means a sampling point, Qn,
n = 0,1,...,4,  is the code for point inputs, A is the code for
a point where the input from air is defined. The code BC means
that the user plans to define a continuous input through a part
of coastal boundary by interacting during the processing and BF
is the code for a point at coast where the input is defined
rather than the concentration. As mentioned, a point inputs are
defined by data with the codes Q0, Q1,... Q4. If the code Q0 is
used then the value Q in the corresponding row is taken as the
input at this point. If the code Qn, n = 1,2,...,4, is used than
the value of point input is estimated from data on
concentrations, i.e. from Bk and Sdata. There can be more than
one point belonging to any type Qn, n fixed. In such cases an
estimate of input Q is carried out jointly for all inputs
   ?  associated with the code Qn, n fixed.

