

 WINDOWS AND TCP/IP FOR INTERNET ACCESS  (c) 1995 by Harry M. Kriz

 Mr. Kriz has graciously permitted WindoWatch to publish his latest
 revision of his timely paper "Windows and TCP/IP for Internet Access".
 Release 06 of December 1994.


 INTRODUCTION

 Internet, the world-wide network of computer networks, has captured the
 imagination of the general public. Eighteen months ago, the Internet was
 barely mentioned in the popular computing magazines. Now it is the topic
 of articles in national news magazines, local newspapers, and
 grocery-store tabloids.

 Awareness of the Internet has spread primarily by word of mouth. Computer
 pundits were not discussing the Internet in Spring 1993 when I first began
 investigating the Internet in my work as a librarian. Indeed, most pundits
 seem to have acquired Internet access only in the Spring of 1994. Thus,
 computer magazines have not been helpful for those wishing to learn about
 the Internet.

 Now, in December 1994, there is something of a feeding frenzy of interest
 in the Internet. Bookstores are flooded with guides to the Internet.
 Software vendors are rushing to market with collections of software designed
 for navigating the resources on the Internet. It is almost as if the crest
 of the Internet wave has passed. Pundits who did not have access to the
 Internet last year are already writing negative opinions about the
 difficulties of navigating Internet resources, and about the uselessness
 of those resources.

 Complaints about the Internet are many. Certainly it can be difficult to
 find information and resources on the Internet. A great deal of information
 is unvalidated, non-authoritative, or otherwise questionable. Some resources
 should not be available to children. Some would argue that some of the
 information should not be distributed even to adults.

 It is important to remember that the Internet is not a service. Rather, it
 is a means of gaining access to services and of retrieving information and
 other objects that can be represented electronically. In considering
 complaints about the Internet, one might draw an analogy between the
 Internet and New York City.

 New York is big, complicated, and disorganized. The city's myriad
 resources can be hard to find. Some of what happens or what is available
 in New York should not be seen by children. For those wishing to
 navigate the complexity of New York, there are guidebooks, phone
 directories, magazine articles, and individuals with expert knowledge
 about areas of particular interest. One can navigate the complexity of
 the city by subway, taxi, and bus. One can even hire a private guide to
 conduct a tour of the city.

 The Internet can be compared to the streets of New York City. The services
 available on the Internet have their analogies in the city's libraries,
 department stores, bookshops, art galleries, street vendors, and street-
 corner zealots passing out literature or lecturing the passing crowds. It is
 safe to assume that somewhere on the streets of the city there will be found
 information and services of interest to almost anyone. However, finding that
 information might take some time for someone who is new to the city and its
 resources. Similarly, somewhere on the Internet there also will be found
 information and services of interest to almost anyone.

 Traveling on the Internet requires only a few basic tools. First is a
 computer with a network connection to the Internet. A direct connection
 using a PC equipped with a network interface card that interfaces with a
 local area network linked to the Internet is common at universities, and
 becoming more common in businesses. If a direct network connection is not
 available, an alternative is to connect to the Internet through the
 computer's serial port. This involves a telephone connection to a
 terminal server that offers SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) or PPP
 (Point to Point Protocol) service. Any of these connections can be used
 with a variety of commercial or shareware software to make your personal
 computer a host on the Internet and to access services and information
 from the entire earth. This paper will emphasize the use of freeware and
 shareware versions of software running under Microsoft Windows.

 INTERNET SERVICES

 The Internet services of interest to most people consist of four basic
 functions. These are electronic mail (e-mail), Internet news, file transfer
 between computers (FTP), and remote login to another computer (telnet).
 Access systems like Gopher and World Wide Web now supplement these basic
 Internet functions by assisting the user in searching for and retrieving
 relevant information in a user-friendly manner.

 Until recently, Internet functions were accessible primarily through
 character-based interfaces using a variety of complex command sets.
 Thus, until recently, best-selling books on the Internet contained page
 after page of screen displays or command sequences captured from UNIX-based
 systems executing basic Internet functions.

 Affordable Internet software for Windows first became available in Spring
 1993. Prior to that time, Windows users were dependent for Internet access
 on expensive, proprietary, commercial products in which each vendor's
 offerings were mutually incompatible with every other vendor's
 offerings. Publication of the Winsock applications programming interface
 provided a way for individual client software (such as a telnet or FTP
 client) to be compatible with every vendor's networking products. As a
 result, beginning in 1993 there was a blossoming of freeware, shareware,
 and commercial Internet software for Windows.

 Of special interest has been the development of Windows interfaces to the
 World Wide Web. Mosaic is the best known Web browser. Other choices include
 Cello, Netscape, and WinWeb. The Web was developed by the high energy
 physics community to distribute technical papers and other forms of data.
 WWW is now widely viewed as a means for educators, businesses, and hobbyists
 to distribute multimedia information to a world-wide audience. Graphical
 WWW clients enable publication of data over the Internet in a manner
 which allows the user to view text, color graphics, sound, and video in
 a manner that approaches the usability, and surpasses the functionality,
 of a printed magazine. Those interested in publishing WWW documents may
 find it useful to read my paper "Teaching and Publishing in the World
 Wide Web." A plain text version is available by anonymous FTP from:

 nebula.lib.vt.edu in directory /pub/www under the name websrv01.asc.

 A hypertext version is available through the Web at
  http:/learning.lib.vt.edu/webserv/webserv.html.

 E-MAIL

 Electronic mail is probably the most widely used Internet function. A
 commonly used configuration requires that a user have an account on a
 POP (Post Office Protocol) mail server. The e-mail client software
 accesses the server and downloads any incoming messages to the user's
 PC. Mail composed at the user's PC is transmitted to the Internet
 through the mail server.

 INTERNET NEWS

 Internet news, also referred to as USENET news, is a conferencing
 system made up of thousands of topical conferences known as news
 groups. Those familiar with electronic bulletin board systems will
 compare Internet news to echo conferences. Others will draw an analogy
 to mailing lists such as listserv on BITNET. The user reads the news by
 using client software to subscribe to a selection of news groups. When
 the client software accesses an NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)
 server, the server downloads to the client a list of subjects for all
 unread messages stored on the server for the selected news group. The
 user can then select any message for reading, post a response to the
 message to the group, or reply directly to the original poster of the
 message. The client software maintains on the user's PC a list of all
 available groups on the server, along with records of which messages
 have been read or skipped over. Only the messages selected for reading
 are actually downloaded to the user' PC.


 FTP

 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows the transfer of files between any
 two computers of any type. Files can be transferred from PC to PC, PC
 to mainframe, PC to Mac, PC to UNIX machine, and vice versa. Any kind
 of computer file, whether it be a text file or a binary file
 representing software, graphics images, or sounds, can be transferred.
 Of course, whether the file is usable on the receiving machine depends
 on the nature of the file and the availability of software to make use
 of the file.

 TELNET

 Telnet enables the user of a PC to login to a host computer at another
 site on the Internet. The user's PC then acts as a dumb terminal
 attached to the remote host. Such access usually requires that the user
 have an account on the remote host. For instance, a student or faculty
 member at one university might have an account on a computer located at
 another university. An increasing number of commercial services are
 becoming available via telnet, including services such as the Dow Jones
 News Service and the Lexis/Nexis service. In addition, some services
 are available without charge. For example, hundreds of libraries in all
 parts of the world allow free remote access to their computerized
 catalogs and to some specialized databases.

 GOPHER

 Gopher is a system that enables the user to find files and other
 Internet services by navigating a system of text menus and submenus. As
 a corollary, it provides a means for information providers to publish
 information on the Internet in a discoverable manner. Prior to the
 development of Gopher at the University of Minnesota, information on
 the Internet was located by asking friends and strangers where to look.

 The first step in using a Gopher client is to "point" the client at the
 address of a known Gopher server. The client then retrieves that
 Gopher's menu of topics. Typically, many of the topics on a Gopher menu
 are pointers to yet other menu items on other Gopher servers. The fact
 that items in the sequence of selections might come from different
 Gopher servers in widely scattered parts of the world is transparent to
 the user. The Gopher client software presents the many different Gopher
 servers as if they represented a single application on a single
 machine. Navigating such menus can lead the user to skip from one
 Gopher server to another, literally retrieving information from servers
 scattered around the world in just a few minutes.

 Items on Gopher menus can be of many different data types in addition
 to menus listing choices of topics. When an item such as a text,
 graphics, or sound file is selected, the Gopher client transfers the
 file to the user's PC. Then, as an option, it may load the file into an
 appropriate "viewer" selected by the user. A simple text file could be
 loaded into Windows Notepad. A graphics file in GIF or JPEG format
 might be loaded into LVIEW, a popular freeware graphics viewer for
 Windows. A binary program file would simply be downloaded into a
 designated directory for use at some other time. Finding relevant
 Gopher menu items is facilitated through the use of Veronica, which is
 a database of the text of Gopher menus. Most Gopher servers will
 include Veronica access as a menu selection.


 WORLD WIDE WEB

 World Wide Web (WWW) is a system that enables users to find and
 retrieve information by navigating a system of hypertext documents. In
 a hypertext document, selecting a highlighted word or phrase causes a
 new document to be retrieved and displayed. Thus, WWW leads the user to
 skip from one document to another, retrieving information from servers
 scattered around the world.

 Viewing a WWW document with a Windows graphical client such as Cello,
 Mosaic, Netscape, or WinWeb is similar to reading a magazine.
 Information is displayed with typographic fonts and color graphics.
 Unlike a magazine, the static display can be supplemented by sound and
 video clips that are played by clicking an icon embedded in the
 document. Clicking on a highlighted word or phrase in the document may
 cause the reader to skip to another part of the displayed document, or
 it may cause yet another document to be retrieved.

 TECHNICAL DETAILS

 It is helpful to know some Internet terminology when working with your
 local network specialist or Internet service provider to make your PC a
 host on the Internet. The two common modes of Internet access are
 through a direct network connection or through a serial connection to a
 SLIP or PPP server.

 A direct network connection involves installing a network interface
 card (NIC) in your PC. Most likely this will be an ethernet card. This
 card in turn is connected to your organization's local area network.
 Wiring usually consists of coaxial cable (as in thin-wire ethernet) or
 twisted pair telephone wiring (as in 10Base-T ethernet). The local
 network in turn must be connected to the Internet, and it must be
 capable of handling TCP/IP data packets.

 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the method
 by which data on the Internet is divided into packets of bytes. Each
 packet is delimited with header information that includes the
 destination address where the packet is to be routed when it is
 transmitted over the Internet. The local network and your PC may also
 be using other network protocols simultaneously with TCP/IP. For
 instance, your PC may already be connected to a network using Novell,
 LANtastic, or Windows for Workgroups network protocols.

 SOFTWARE LAYERS

 Several layers of software are involved in implementing a direct
 network connection. A commonly used method is to first install a piece
 of software called a packet driver that deals directly with the network
 interface card. This is loaded under DOS from the AUTOEXEC.BAT file as
 a TSR (terminate and stay resident) program. A packet driver should be
 included with the software that comes with the card. If the
 manufacturer of the card does not supply a packet driver, free packet
 drivers are available in the Crynwr Packet Driver Collection as
 described at the end of this document.

 The next layer of software is the TCP/IP driver, which can be
 implemented in a variety of ways. Until recently, this was often
 another DOS TSR program loaded from the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Increasingly
 this layer of software is implemented as a Windows dynamic link library
 (DLL) or virtual device driver (VxD). The DLL and VxD implementations
 do not require any modification of the boot files on the PC.

 The TCP/IP driver that implements TCP/IP functionality for the system
 is referred to as the TCP/IP protocol stack. The driver may be written
 to work with a specific network card, or it may be written to interface
 with a packet driver. In the latter case, a single TCP/IP driver can be
 used with any network card for which an associated packet driver is
 available. Thus, the packet driver specification eliminates the need
 for software vendors to customize their TCP/IP protocol stack for every
 network card with which it is used. When using a packet driver with
 Windows applications, another DOS TSR referred to as a virtual packet
 driver may be required to interface between the Windows-based TCP/IP
 protocol stack and the DOS-based packet driver.

 When a direct network connection is not available, Internet TCP/IP
 software can be used over serial lines to connect to a SLIP (Serial
 Line Internet Protocol) or PPP (Point to Point Protocol) server that
 provides a connection to the Internet. SLIP and PPP do not require the
 software drivers that are necessary with a direct network connection.
 The Trumpet Winsock shareware package to be described later has all
 SLIP and PPP functions included in the TCP/IP driver, which is
 configured through a Windows dialog box.

 SLIP and PPP are less transparent to the user than a direct network
 connection. The user first obtains an account on a SLIP or PPP server.
 Connecting to the Internet involves dialing the server using normal
 serial communications software and establishing a SLIP or PPP session.
 Once the session is established, TCP/IP software running on the PC can
 be used just as if the PC was connected directly to the Internet
 through a network card. SLIP and PPP users are well advised to settle
 for nothing less than transmission at 14,400 bits per second. World
 Wide Web especially transmits a great deal of data when images or sound
 are involved. Slow modems and slow connections will discourage anyone
 but the most dedicated user from exploring the possibilities of the
 Internet.

 TCP/IP client applications work at the top of the layers of software so far described. Client software runs independently of the type of connection to the Internet. TCP/IP applications frequently are referred to as clients because they access a corresponding server (a daemon in UNIX terminology) on another machine. An FTP client, for instance, is the application on the user's machine that accesses the FTP server running on a host computer located elsewhere on the Internet.
 Until recently, each TCP/IP client had to be written to interface with
 a particular vendor's TCP/IP protocol stack. Clients that worked with
 one vendor's TCP/IP driver would not work with a driver from another
 vendor. This restriction was eliminated with the development of the
 Windows Sockets Application Programming Interface, otherwise known as
 the Winsock API, or more simply Winsock. Winsock works in the layer
 between the TCP/IP client and the TCP/IP protocol stack.

 WINSOCK

 "Winsock" is the buzzword that dominates discussion about TCP/IP and
 Windows. All of the software to be described here is based on Winsock.
 The implementation of Winsock is transparent to the user, but it is
 helpful for the end-user to know how it supports Windows applications.

 Winsock (short for Windows sockets) is a technical specification that
 defines a standard interface between a Windows TCP/IP client
 application (such as an FTP client or a Gopher client) and the
 underlying TCP/IP protocol stack. The nomenclature is based on the
 Sockets applications programming interface model used in Berkeley UNIX
 for communications between programs.

 When you launch a Winsock compliant client like WSGopher, it calls
 procedures from the WINSOCK.DLL dynamic link library. These procedures
 in turn invoke procedures in the drivers supplied with the TCP/IP
 protocol stack. As described earlier, the TCP/IP driver communicates
 with the computer's ethernet card through the packet driver.

 The WINSOCK.DLL file is not a generic file that can be used on any
 system. Each vendor of a TCP/IP protocol stack supplies a proprietary
 WINSOCK.DLL that works only with that vendor's TCP/IP stack.

 The advantage of Winsock to the developer of a client is that the
 application will work with any vendor's Winsock implementation. Thus,
 the developer of an application such as a Gopher client has to
 understand the Winsock interface, but he does not have to know the
 details of each vendor's TCP/IP protocol stack in order to make his
 client application compatible with that stack. Winsock also eliminates
 the need for an application developer to include a custom TCP/IP
 protocol stack within the application program itself. This was a common
 means of implementing TCP/IP clients under DOS, and some early Windows
 TCP/IP clients also used this method. The use of protocol stacks
 internal to the client results in conflicts when two clients try to
 access the single packet driver that is communicating with the network
 card. The ability to create applications compatible with any vendor's
 Winsock compliant protocol stack resulted in a blossoming of Winsock
 compliant shareware applications beginning in Summer 1993.

 The Winsock standard also offers advantages to the end-user. One advantage is that several Winsock applications from different vendors can be used simultaneously. This is a marked improvement over earlier packet driver applications in which each application contained a built-in TCP/IP stack. Such applications cannot share the packet driver except through the added complexity of a packet multiplexer such as PKTMUX. A second advantage to the user is that any Winsock compliant application will run with any vendor's TCP/IP protocol stack and accompanying WINSOCK.DLL.
 Unfortunately, some commercial vendors of TCP/IP clients are not yet
 taking advantage of Winsock capabilities. There are still TCP/IP
 clients that require dedicated access to the packet driver, and there
 are clients that will run only with the TCP/IP protocol stack supplied
 by one particular vendor. Fortunately, the trend is for all commercial
 vendors to make their applications more usable and portable through the
 use of the Winsock standard.


 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTIONS

 Once the required networking hardware is installed and an IP address is
 assigned, or once an account is obtained on a SLIP or PPP server, the
 user needs to install a TCP/IP protocol stack and a selection of TCP/IP
 clients. The remainder of this paper describes such software.

 For each application, I briefly outline the installation procedures. I
 do this primarily to illustrate the simplicity of using Windows for
 Internet access. Please be sure to read any text files included with
 each package in order to complete the configuration and to learn about
 all functions of the software.

 I have installed all the software described here for many of my
 colleagues in the Virginia Tech Libraries. With some practice I have
 found that I can install a complete suite of TCP/IP applications in
 about half an hour. Some individuals who read the previous versions of
 this document were up and running in less than an hour after obtaining
 the software. They expressed their delight at the ease of networking
 with Windows.

 Editorial Note! The balance of this excellent paper gives details to
 configure a system to access the Internet. Because of the length we
 have reduced font size but recommend that you copy to another sheet
 that which is useful to you and enlargefor better readability!

DISCLAIMERS AND LIMITED WARRANTIES

 I am not an expert on anything. I am just an enthusiastic end-user of
 these products in my daily work. I have used all of the client software
 with a direct connection to an ethernet network using a Western Digital
 or SMC ethernet card with the Trumpet Winsock shareware TCP/IP protocol
 stack and WINSOCK.DLL. In addition, I have used most of the clients
 with FTP Software's commercial package PC/TCP version 2.2.

 In the latter case I obtained the most recent version of FTP Software's
 WINSOCK.DLL file by anonymous FTP from ftp.ftp.com in directory
 /support/ftpsoft/winsock under the name winsock.exe (a self-extracting
 ZIP file)(November 16, 1994 | 46,375 bytes).

 The Trumpet and FTP products both use a packet driver interface to the
 network card. I have also used most of the clients on a Windows for
 Workgroups network using Microsoft's add-on TCP/IP package. This
 package is available by anonymous FTP from ftp.microsoft.com in the
 directory /peropsys/windows/public/tcpip under the filename WFWT32.EXE
 (November 29, 1994 | 680,621 bytes), a self-extracting archive file. I
 also have used most of the client software through a SLIP server using
 the Trumpet Winsock. Both a dialup connection to the SLIP server and a
 modemless connection through an IBM/ROLM digital switch were used at
 various times.

 I have no experience with PPP connections.

 As discussed above, the client software described here should run with
 any TCP/IP protocol stack that offers Winsock support. If your PC is
 already using a network operating system that does not include Winsock
 support, you should check with your vendor to find out if Winsock
 support is available. If Winsock support is not available from your
 vendor, then it may be possible to install the Trumpet Winsock TCP/IP
 protocol stack over your existing network drivers using a small program
 known as a packet driver shim. Instructions for this configuration are
 included in the Trumpet Winsock documentation.

 In the following descriptions, information about version numbers, file
 sizes, and dates was verified on December 20, 1994.

 TRUMPET WINSOCK  (TCP/IP protocol stack and basic clients, ) (including
                                          telnet, ping, and Archie  )

 *Comment:  You need this package (or some other TCP/IP protocol stack
 that supports Winsock) before you can use any of the client software
 described later. Trumpet Winsock does not require any additional network
 software. Its TCP/IP functions can be installed over other network
 software such as Novell or Windows for Workgroups using a packet driver
 shim. Instructions for such installations are included in the ZIP file.

 Author:	     Peter Tattam, Trumpet Software International
 Fee:	     $25 shareware fee.
 Version:     2.0 Revision B
 File name:  twsk20b.zip    (November 3, 1994 | 179,015 bytes) (includes
 the TCP/IP protocol stack)

 winapps2.zip   (November 29, 1994 | 162,023 bytes) (includes basic clients)

 Available by anonymous FTP from: ftp.trumpet.com.au in directory
              /ftp/pub/winsock or by Gopher from gopher.trumpet.com.au
              under menu item winsock.

 The Australian hosts can be slow. An alternative gopher site is
 biochemistry.bioc.cwru.edu under the menu item CWRU Biochemistry FTP
 Archive/trumpwsk. You can also FTP to this address and access the
 directory /gopher/pub/trumpwsk. However, only one anonymous FTP user is
 permitted weekdays during normal working hours from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM
 local time. Note that this site may not contain the latest version of
 the files. For example, at this writing it did not contain the most
 recent winapps2.zip file.

 INSTALLATION:

 1.) Create directory C:\TRUMPWSK and unzip TWSK20B.ZIP and WINAPPS2.ZIP
      into this directory.
 2.) Install software drivers.
      Ethernet network: a.) Install packet driver for your ethernet card. The
      entry in my AUTOEXEC.BAT file is C:\ETHERNET\8003PKDR.EXE /B:240
      /R:D000 /I:10 /E:6b.) Install WINPKT.COM virtual packet driver
      included in TWSK20B.ZIP. The entry in my AUTOEXEC.BAT file is:
      C:\TRUMPWSK\WINPKT.COM 0x61 SLIP or PPP:

 No special drivers are needed because SLIP and PPP support are built
 into the Trumpet Winsock TCPMAN.EXE program.

 3.) In Program Manager, create a program group named Network. Use File
      Manager to drag and drop the EXE files in C:\TRUMPWSK into the
      Network program group.
 4.) Edit the PATH statement in AUTOEXEC.BAT
      to include C:\TRUMPWSK. This enables Winsock applications to find
      WINSOCK.DLL when they are launched.
 5.) Reboot the computer and start Windows.
 6.) Launch TCPMAN from the Network program group.

      Select Setup on the menu bar. Enter your IP address, gateway
      address, and nameserver address as assigned by your local network
      administrator. (Some SLIP and PPP servers, as well as some direct
      network connections, do not use permanent IP addresses. Instead,
      the server assigns a temporary IP address at the start of each
      session. If the server provides a bootp service, then enter the
      text "bootp" (without the quotes) in place of the IP address. On
      some servers it may be necessary to enter the dummy IP address
      0.0.0.0. Some servers report the assigned IP address during
      session startup, requiring the user to manually enter the assigned
      address in the Setup dialog box before proceeding into SLIP mode.)
      If you are using ethernet, enter the software interrupt used by
      the packet driver. If you are using SLIP or PPP, check the
      appropriate box and enter the appropriate COM port number in the
      SLIP port box. Exit from TCPMAN. The file TRUMPWSK.INI will be
      created in the C:\TRUMPWSK directory.

 7.) Launch any Winsock compliant application. TCPMAN.EXE will start
     automatically if it is not already running. (If you are using SLIP
     or PPP, you must first connect to the server and start a session.
     This can be done with the dialing function in TCPMAN.) Several
     clients are included with the Trumpet Winsock, including
     TRMPTEL.EXE version 0.07 for telnet, WINARCH.EXE for searching
     Archie databases, and PINGW.EXE to ping another machine on the
     network. PINGW provides the simplest means of verifying that you
     have a network connection. Launch PINGW and enter the name of an
     Internet host at the prompt. For example, you might try to PING
     ftp.trumpet.com.au. If your connection is working, and if the host
     is operating, you will receive a response from the remote host.
     Note:  The WINSOCK.DLL file for the Trumpet Winsock remains in the
     C:\TRUMPWSK directory. Some vendors may require that their
     WINSOCK.DLL be copied to the C:\WINDOWS directory. If you have used
     Winsock software from another vendor, but now want to try the
     Trumpet Winsock, be sure to remove the other vendor's WINSOCK.DLL
     so that it will not interfere with the Trumpet Winsock
     implementation.

 Tip:  The WINARCH client for Archie searching that is supplied in
 WINAPPS2.ZIP defaults to searching the Archie server at archie.au. You
 can access a different Archie server by using a command line argument.

 For instance, to use the Archie server run by AT&T, use the command
 line winarch.exe -archie=ds.internic.net.

 SLIP or PPP usage:

 Trumpet Winsock includes a simple dialing function. You can connect to
 your server by manually issuing the dialing commands. You can also
 write a script that will dial and start your session automatically.

 PITFALL:  After dialing with TCPMAN.EXE and establishing the SLIP or
 PPP session, you must press the <ESC> key to escape from dialing mode
 and to re-enable the TCP/IP mode in TCPMAN.EXE.

 You may want to dial your server automatically without writing a custom
 dialing script for TCPMAN.EXE. A utility named DIALER can be set up to
 automatically issue the commands and passwords needed to start a session
 on your server.DIALER version 2.0A is available by anonymous FTP from:
 ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/ibmpc/windows/utilities/dialexe.zip
		(May 27, 1994 | 31,072 bytes)

 WSGOPHER (Gopher client)

 Comment:  A fast client with a useful system for saving bookmarks in a
 subject classified arrangement and a good help system.

 Author: Dave Brooks
 License:	Free
 Version:	1.2
 File name:  wsg-12.exe  (December 13, 1994 | 367,860 bytes) Available
        by anonymous FTP from: dewey.tis.inel.gov in directory
        /pub/wsgopher Installation: 1.) Create the directory C:\WSGOPHER
        and copy the file WSG-12.EXE to this directory. This file is a
        self extracting ZIP file. 2.) Execute WSG-12.EXE. The files will
        be extracted to the directory. 3.) Create a new program item in
        the Network program group for the program
        C:\WSGOPHER\WSGOPHER.EXE. 4.) Launch WSGopher and read the Help
        file. 5.) Select the Configuration menu and set the various
        parameters and options as desired. The WSGOPHER.INI file and
        bookmark files are kept in the C:\WSGOPHER directory.

 TRUMPET FOR WINDOWS  (Internet news reader and POP mail client)
 Comment:  To read Internet news, you need access to an NNTP (Network
 News Transfer Protocol) server. To use the mail functions, you need an
 account on a POP (Post Office Protocol) mail server. (I have not tested
 the mail functions in this application because I prefer to use PC Eudora
 for mail.)
 Author:	Peter Tattam, Trumpet Software International
 Fee:	$40.00 shareware fee. TSI has extended the free trial period
 until the final release of version 1.0B, which is in beta testing at
 this time. Version: 1.0 Revision A

 File name:  wtwsk10a.zip   (August 28, 1993 | 167,601 bytes)
 Available by anonymous FTP from: ftp.trumpet.com.au in directory
  /ftp/pub/wintrump or   by           Gopher from gopher.trumpet.com.au
  under menu item wintrump. Installation: 1.) Create the directory
  C:\WINTRUMP and unzip WTWSK10A.ZIP into this directory. 2.) Create a
  new program item in the Network program group for the program
  C:\WINTRUMP\WT_WSK.EXE. 3.) Launch the program. 4.) Supply the address
  and other information in the dialog boxes for the menu selections File
  Setup and File Network Setup. NEWS.PRM and other configuration files
  will be created and stored in C:\WINTRUMP.

 PITFALL:  The list of available news groups on your news server is
 stored by Trumpet in the file NEWS.GRP. At times, Trumpet fails to
 fully update this file as new groups become available from the news
 server. You can force Trumpet to create a new and complete list of
 available groups by erasing NEWS.GRP before starting Trumpet.

 EUDORA FOR WINDOWS (full featured mail client)

 Comment:  You will need an account on a POP mail server to send and
 receive mail at your PC. QUALCOMM sells a commercial version of Eudora
 for both Windows and the Macintosh. Author:	Jeff Beckley, Jeff
 Gehlhaar, and Mark Erikson, QUALCOMM, Inc. License: Shareware version is
 free. The author, Jeff Beckley, requests that you send him a postcard at
 QUALCOMM, Inc., 6455 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA  92121-2779 USA if you
 find the program useful. Information about the commercial version is
 available through QUALCOMM's QUEST group World Wide Web page at
 http://www.qualcomm.com/quest/QuestMain.html or from QUALCOMM's FTP
 server at ftp.qualcomm.com in directory /quest/eudora/windows. Questions
 about Eudora can be sent by e-mail to eudora-sales@qualcomm.com

 Version:	Shareware: 1.4.4
 File name:  eudor144.exe   (December 7, 1994 | 292,942 bytes) (self
 extracting archive file) Available by anonymous FTP from:
 ftp.qualcomm.com in directory /quest/windows/eudora/1.4

 Installation:

 1.) Copy the file EUDOR144.EXE to the directory C:\EUDORA.
 2.) Execute EUDOR144.EXE to unarchive the program files.
 3.) Create a new program item in the Network program group for the
     program C:\EUDORA\WEUDORA.EXE.
 4.) Launch the program.
 5.) Select Special Configuration from the menu bar and supply the required
     information.
 6.) Select Special Switches and set characteristics as desired.
 7.) Create mailboxes and nicknames to taste.
 8.) The file EUDORA.INI and other configuration files will be created in the
     C:\EDUORA directory.

 WS_FTP    (FTP client)

 WS_PING   (ping client)
 Author:	   John Junod
 License:   Free to individuals for any non-commercial use and for any
            U. S.Government Organization.
            Others should contact Ipswitch, Inc.,
            669 Main Street
            Wakefield,MA, 01880,
            (617)246-1150,
            info@ipswitch.com.
            Version:94.10.18
            (WS_FTP)94.10.20
            (WS_PING)
            File names: ws_ftp.zip (October 1994 |113,252 bytes)
                        ws_ping.zip (October 21,1994|60,496 bytes)

 Available by anonymous FTP from:ftp.usma.edu in directory /pub/msdos/winsock.files

 Installation:

 1.) Create the directory C:\WS_.
 2.) Unzip WS_FTP.ZIP into this directory.
 3.) Unzip the file WS_PING.EXE from its ZIP file into this directory
     also. (Full source code for WS_PING is included in the ZIP file
     with the name WSPI_SRC.ZIP. Source code for the current version of
     WS_FTP is not distributed. However, source code for the 93-12-05
     version of WS_FTP can be downloaded from directory
     /pub/msdos/winsock.files under the name ws_ftp_s.zip.)

 4.) Create new program items in the Network program group for the
     programs C:\WS_\WS_FTP.EXE   and   C:\WS_\WS_PING.EXE. 5.) Launch
     the programs. 6.) The WS_FTP.INI file remains in the C:\WS_
     directory. A file named WINSOCK.INI is created by WS_PING in the
     C:\WINDOWS directory.


 CELLO  (World Wide Web browser)

 Comment:  Despite its age, Cello version 1.01a performs well. It
 continues to be more stable than Mosaic, and it is the best client for
 printing. It includes a useful Help system. Configuration is done from
 within the application, not by directly editing the CELLO.INI file.
 Unfortunately, Cello does not understand forms. Users of Diamond
 Stealth video cards report problems with the mouse cursor, which
 virtually disappears while the mouse is moving. The listserv CELLO-L is
 busy with messages about CELLO development and about shareware for
 creating HTML documents for use on Web servers. Instructions for
 subscribing to CELLO-L are included in the Cello Help file. Version 2.0
 is now in the hands of alpha testers.

 Author:	Thomas R. Bruce
 License:	Free
 Version:	1.01a
 File name:  cello.zip      (March 17, 1994 | 328,429 bytes)

 Available by anonymous FTP from: ftp.law.cornell.edu in directory
 /pub/LII/Cello

 Installation:

 1.) Create the directory C:\CELLO and unzip CELLO.ZIP into this
 directory. 2.) Create a new program item in the Network program group
 for the program C:\CELLO\CELLO.EXE. 3.) Launch the program.


 NCSA MOSAIC for Microsoft Windows  (World Wide Web browser)

 Comment:  Users should note the alpha version designation and use
 caution about saving work in any other running applications before
 launching Mosaic. As in previous versions over the past year, simply
 launching and then exiting from Mosaic permanently reduces by some 3
 percentage points the Windows user.exe resources on my machine.
 Launching Mosaic and exiting several times can lead to conditions that
 require you to restart Windows. However, Mosaic's previous problem of
 overwriting text when displaying large files seems to be fixed in this
 version.

 Mosaic is a 32-bit application that will run under Windows NT,
 Microsoft's advanced workstation operating system. Most users will be
 using Windows 3.1 or Windows for Workgroups, which are 16bit
 applications. To use Mosaic with these systems, you must first install
 Win32s version 1.20 with OLE or later. This addition to the Windows
 operating system enables current versions of Windows to run 32-bit code
 that is not Windows NT specific. NCSA recommends a 33MHz 486 with 8MB of
 RAM for running this version.

 Authors:	NCSA (National Center for
 SuperComputing Applications) License:	Free Version:	2.0.0a8 File
 name:  mos20a8.exe (December 20, 1994 |   955,546 bytes) w32sole.exe
 (December 20, 1994 | 2,240,650 bytes) Available by anonymous FTP from:
 ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in directory /Web/Mosaic/Windows Installation: 1.)

 Copy W32SOLE.EXE to a temporary directory and execute the program. This
 will extract the two component files INSTALL.BAT and WIN32DSK.EXE. The
 latter is another self extracting archive file.


	2.) Execute INSTALL.BAT.
	(This batch file issues the command
		WIN32DSK.EXE -d

 to extract the component files into the subdirectories DISK1, DISK2,
 and DISK3. These subdirectories will be created below the temporary
 directory containing INSTALL.BAT.)

 3.) Change to the DISK1 subdirectory
 and execute SETUP.EXE. This will install Win32s version 1.20 with OLE.
 Many of the files will be installed in the directory
 C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\WIN32S. If you have an older version of WIN32S already
 installed, it will be removed. You shouldallow installation of the game
 FreeCell in order to test that Win32s is properly installed on your machine. Once this is verified, you can erase the files and directories in the temporary installation directory.

 4.) Copy MOS20A8.EXE to the temporary installation directory. Remember to erase any files and subdirectories left in the temporary directory from the installation of Win32s.
 5.) Execute MOS20A8.EXE to extract the component files, including SETUP.EXE.
 6.) Execute SETUP.EXE to install Mosaic version 2.0 alpha 8 in
 the directory of your choice. MOSAIC.INI will be copied to the
 C:\WINDOWS directory.
 7.) Launch the program. Read the files README.WRI
 and RELNOTES.HTM to learn how to fully configure Mosaic to your needs.
 8.) When installation is complete, you can remove the temporary
    installation directory.

 NOTE: You can avoid the added complexity of installing Win32s and the
 substantial demands it places on your PC by using the older Mosaic
 version 2.0 alpha 2 (June 27, 1994 | 243,749 bytes). ******** NETSCAPE
 (World Wide Web browser) Comment:  Netscape Navigator is generating
 enormous interest at this writing as the logical successor to Mosaic.
 FTP sites designated as sources for Netscape frequently are
 inaccessible. Author:	Netscape Communications Corporation License:
 Free for academic or not-for-profit use. Others, including government
 users, should contact Netscape Communications Corporation. Version:
 1.0N File name:  ns16-100.exe   (December 17, 1994 | 706,929 bytes)
 Available by anonymous FTP from: ftp.mcom.com in directory
 /netscape/windows or

	ftp2.mcom.com in directory /netscape/windows.

 Frequently it is impossible to connect by anonymous FTP to servers
 distributing Netscape. The best mode of access is to use a World Wide
 Web browser and load the URL
 http://home.mcom.com/info/how-to-get-it.html.

 Installation: 1.) Copy the file NW16-100.EXE to a temporary directory and
 run it. This will extract the component files, including SETUP.EXE.
 2.) Run the program SETUP.EXE by selecting the file in File Manager or by
 using the menu selection File Run in Program Manager. SETUP will install
 Netscape in a directory of your choice, and it will create a program icon
 in the group you designate.
 3.) Launch the program. Configure Options and Preferences to taste. The
 file NETSCAPE.INI is kept in the Netscape program directory.

 WINWEB  (World Wide Web browser) Comment:  A fast and easy browser from EINet.

 Author:	MCC-EINet (Microelectronics and Computer Technology
							Corporation)
 License:		Free
 Version:		1.0 Alpha 2.2
 File name:  winweb.zip     (December 19, 1994 |  598,873 bytes)
             Available by anonymous FTP from:
  	     ftp.einet.net in directory /einet/pc

 Installation:

 1.) Create the directory C:\WINWEB and unzip WINWEB.ZIP into
     this directory.
 2.) Move the included file VBRUN300.DLL to the windows system
 directory, usually C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM. (This file is a runtime library
 for Microsoft Visual Basic. If you already have a copy installed from
 some other application, you can simply delete it from the \WINWEB
 directory.

 2.) Create a new program item in the Network program group
 for the program C:\WINWEB\WINWEB.EXE.
 3.) Launch the program and configure to taste. The file WINWEB.INI will
 be created in the C:\WINDOWS directory.

 WFTPD  (FTP server)

 Comment:  I had not imagined I would want or need to use my PC as an FTP
 server. However, I have found this product useful on a couple of occasions
 to transfer files from an IBM mainframe to my PC. This is far easier than
 trying to FTP to the mainframe from my PC. Note that WinQVT/Net, which is
 described later, has an FTP server function also. However, the server in
 WinQVT/Net would not work when I tried to use Fetch on my PowerMac to
 retrieve a file from my Windows machine. WFTPD had no problems serving
 files to Fetch.
         Author:			Alun Jones
         License:     $15.00.

 The unregistered shareware version displays a message to anyone
 accessing the server that the owner is unable or unwilling to pay the
 shareware fee. The shareware version is limited to five file transfers
 per session. Version:	1.95 File name:  wftpd195.zip
 (October 20, 1994 | 147,612 bytes) Available by anonymous FTP from:

          ftp.cica.indiana.edu in /pub/pc/win3/winsock
 or by gopher from:

 	ftp.cica.indiana.edu under menu item
	PC and CICA Windows Files/CICA Windows Files/
        Winsock Compliant Apps

 Installation:

 1.) Create the directory C:\WFTPD and unzip WFTPD195.ZIP into
				this directory.
 2.) Create a new program item in the Network program group for
				the program C:\WFTPD\WFTPD.EXE.
 3.) Launch the program.

 4.) Complete the information in the Security dialog box to establish
 security control using access passwords and restricted home directories
 for those you authorize to access your PC. The file WFTPD.INI will be
 created in the C:\WINDOWS directory. ------

 TELNET
 The glaring deficiency in the Winsock pantheon of Internet clients is the
 absence ofa good stand-alone telnet client. Here is a brief description of
 some alternatives I have tried. **********

 WinQVT/Net Comment:  WinQVT/Net is an integrated package that includes
 telnet, FTP, FTP server, mail, and news reader functions. These separate
 client and server functions are normally launched from a console window.
 The telnet client is probably the best shareware Winsock telnet client
 available. You can select terminal emulations and customize the keyboard.
 The resizable telnet window includes scrollback and session logging. A
 deficiency is that telnet cannot be launched independently of the console
 window. However, if WinQVT/Net is already running, then an instance of the
 telnet client can be launched from another application by invoking the
 TNSTART.EXE program that comes with WinQVT/Net. This makes it possible to
 use this telnet client as the telnet viewer or helper with Gopher or World
 Wide Web clients.

 Author:	QPC Software License:
 Shareware registration is $40 ($20 for students).
 There has been discussion in alt.winsock and other news groups about the
 difficulty of getting any response to e-mail and fax messages from the
 author of WinQVT/Net. Paying the license fee may be difficult as a result.
 Version:	3.98 File name:  qvtws398.zip
 (December 16, 1994 | 390,960 bytes) Available by anonymous FTP from:

 biochemistry.bioc.cwru.edu in directory /gopher/pub/qvtnet or by Gopher
 from biochemistry.cwru.edu under the menu selection

	CWRU Biochemistry FTP Archive/qvtnet.

 Gopher access is preferable as only one anonymous user is permitted
weekdays during normal working hours from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM local time.

 TRUMPET TELNET Comment:  This simple client is my favorite for use as a
 telnet viewer or helper with Gopher or World Wide Web clients.
 Unfortunately, it lacks sophisticated features needed by heavy users of
 telnet.

 Author:	Peter Tattam
 License:	Free beta version
 Version:	0.07
 File name:  trmptel.exe    (October 13, 1994 | 71,168 bytes)
 This file is included in the WINAPPS2.ZIP file distributed as part of
 the Trumpet Winsock package. **** EWAN Comment:  EWAN (Emulator Without
 a Good Name) is a more complete Winsock telnet client than Trumpet
 Telnet. It allows printing the screen, printing the scrollback buffer,
 and logging a session to a	file. It can be used as a telnet viewer
 with Gopher or World Wide Web clients.


 Author:	Peter Zander
 License:	Free
 Version:	1.04
 File name:  ewan104.zip    (November 23, 1994 | 221,051 bytes)
 Available by anonymous FTP from:

		ftp.lysator.liu.se in directory /pub/msdos/windows


 QWS3270

 Comment:  Telnet clients usually emulate a VT100 terminal or one of its
 variations, the standard for connecting to a UNIX host. However,
 telneting to an IBM mainframe requires emulation of an IBM 3270
 terminal. QWS3270 provides this functionality. I was especially pleased
 with the easily-configured, four-color capability that makes it easier
 to distinguish protected, unprotected, and highlighted text on a VM
 screen.


 Author:	Jim Rymerson
 License:	Free
 Version:	3.2e
 File name:  qws3270.zip    (November 14, 1994 | 73,365 bytes)
 Available by anonymous FTP from:

	ftp.ccs.queensu.ca in directory /pub/msdos/tcpip


OTHER SOURCES FOR WINSOCK INFORMATION

 It remains true that the best guide to the Internet is the Internet itself. The best software for navigating the Internet is freely available on the Internet.
 Considerable information about the Winsock API, along with some application programs, is available by anonymous FTP at sunsite.unc.edu in directory /pub/micro/pc-stuff/ms-windows/winsock.
 The anonymous FTP sites that I list throughout this paper as sources for programs are the sites designated by the software authors as their home sites. These sites will always have the latest version of the software.
 In addition, copies of the software may usually be obtained by anonymous FTP from CICA (Center for Innovative Computer Applications) at ftp.cica.indiana.edu in directory /pub/pc/win3/winsock. Files are also available from this same address using a Gopher client. Gopher access is preferable because the CICA FTP server is the main Internet site for Windows applications. It is usually busy, and you may have difficulty establishing an FTP connection.
 It is the case that the collection at CICA will NOT always contain the latest version of software, even if a newer version has been uploaded to CICA by the author. CICA does not allow anonymous users to view or download program files from the uploads directory, where the newest version might still be in the holding pattern. Also, the versions at CICA may not have the same file dates as those at the home sites.

 There is a listserv that provides a daily listing of new uploads to
 CICA. Included in the mailing are the content of any text files
 accompanying those uploads and a list of files that have been moved from
 the uploads directory to the public directories so as to be available
 for downloading. You can subscribe to CICAL by sending e-mail with no
 subject and the message sub CICA-L Your Name to
   listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu.

 There are several other Internet sites that provide mirror copies of the
 windows collection at CICA. These are listed in the message displayed if
 you are denied access to CICA. The list of mirror sites also is included in
 the file README in CICA's directory /pub/pc/win3. These mirrors can be just
 as busy as CICA. As an example, the mirror at polecat.law.indiana.edu was
 recently removed due to overload on the server. When using CICA, it is
 helpful to download the file INDEX (ascii, about 285,000 bytes) or INDEX.ZIP
 (about 122,000 bytes) from the directory /pub/pc/win3. INDEX contains
 one-line descriptions of each file in the collection. The news groups
 alt.winsock, and comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc carry discussions of the
 Winsock specification and Winsock compliant applications, as do the
 groups in the comp.os.ms-windows.networking hierarchy. Trumpet Winsock
 and related clients are discussed in several news groups in the trumpet
 hierarchy. Information about specific clients may be found in groups
 devoted to that class of client.

 For instance, WSGopher is discussed in alt.gopher and in
 comp.infosystems.gopher. Cello, Mosaic, Netscape, and WinWeb are discussed
 in the sections of the comp.infosystems.www hierarchy.

 The BITNET listserv WIN3-L@UICVM carries discussions about all topics
 relating to Windows, including Winsock applications. Some news servers carry
 this listserv under the news group name bit.listserv.win3-l.
 A comprehensive list of FTP'able Winsock applications is available from
 Larsen Consulting and Sales, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. To get a copy of the list,
 send an e-mail message to info@lcs.com with the Subject: FAQ. Nothing else
 should be in the message. The list is also available on the World Wide Web
 at http://www.lcs.com/.

 Frequently Asked Questions about TCP/IP on PC-compatible computers are
 answered in a FAQ written by Bernard D. Adoba. The text is posted monthly
 on the news group comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc. A copy of the newsgroup
 posting is available as three separate files from rtfm.mit.edu in the
 directory   /pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/comp/protocols/tcp-ip/ibmpc. The
 complete text of the files dated November 3, 1994 contains over 214,000
 bytes. The filenames are decidedly non-DOS, so you will want to assign
 filenames if you download from this source. The FAQ is also available as a
 single ZIP file named ibmtcp.zip (79,454 bytes | October 29, 1994) from
 ftp.netcom.com in the directory /pub/mailcom/IBMTCP. Each of these sites
 can be troublesome. They frequently are busy or unresponsive to
 commands.

 Finally, the FAQ, and other publications about Internet software for the PC,
 can be accessed on the World Wide Web page maintained by Bernard Adoba. The
 page entitled "Internaut:  The PC-Internet Connection Update Page" is located
 at http://www.zilker.net/users/internaut/update.html. The Crynwr packet
 drivers collection is available by anonymous FTP in the well-known
 Simtel20 collection, as well as through a variety of other methods. The
 primary publicly available site for Simtel20 files is at
     oak.oakland.edu. The packet drivers are in directory
     SimTel/msdos/pktdrvr pktd11.zip       (November 23, 1993 | 435420 bytes)

 pktd11a.zip      (November 23, 1993 | 326152 bytes) pktd11b.zip
 (November 23, 1993 | 344847 bytes)
 pktd11c.zip      (December 14, 1993 |  81834 bytes).
 An early version of this document (dated February 9, 1994) was
 published in the "Toolkit" section of the March 14, 1994 issue of
 "Global Network News." GNN is part of the "Global Network Navigator," a
 World Wide Web publication of O'Reilly Associates. Articles in GNN are
 aimed at the reader with a general interest in the Internet and
 networked information. You can read GNN by pointing Mosaic or Cello at
                 http://www.wimsey.com/gnn/gnn.html.

 The most recent plain text version of "Windows and TCP/IP for Internet
 access" is available by anonymous FTP from nebula.lib.vt.edu in the
 directory /pub/windows/winsock under the name wtcpip**.asc. For
 instance, this version has the name wtcpip06.asc. A more frequently
 revised hypertext version is available at
 http://learning.lib.vt.edu/wintcpip/wintcpip.html.

 I thank each of you who sent me personal messages following the
 postings of earlier versions of this evolving document. I have now
 received e-mail about this document from individuals on seven
 continents. Thanks to AJO at McMurdo Station for sending me a message
 from Antarctica.

 I am grateful that I have been able to help many of you, and I
 appreciate the suggestions and information you have sent me. My efforts
 in producing this document can be only a small and indirect repayment
 of the debt I owe to the developers who produce this software and to
 the many Internet users who are so willing to share information and
 expertise.

 Please send error reports to me at hmkriz@vt.edu. I would be grateful
 for suggestions for improvements and additions to this document. Thanks
 again to everyone who replied to my beginner's questions over the past
 eighteen months. I greatly appreciate your patience, and your
 willingness to share your knowledge.

                              ww
