TELECOM Digest     Fri, 22 Jul 94 15:05:30 CDT    Volume 14 : Issue 330

Inside This Issue:                           Editor: Patrick A. Townson

    Announcement of Free Software: NAS Network Management System (Jude George)
    Book Review: "Broadband Networking ABCs for Managers" (Rob Slade)
    True Voice Re-Exam - Some Additional Comments (Dr. John Berryhill)
    Re: Camelot on the Moon (Charles Hoequist)
    Re: Reading the TELECOM Digest May Be a Crime (John Higdon)
    Re: Reading the TELECOM Digest May Be a Crime (Andrew C. Green)

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----------------------------------------------------------------------

From: jude@nas.nasa.gov (Jude A. George)
Subject: Announcement of Free Software: NAS Network Management System
Organization: Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation, NASA Ames
Date: Fri, 22 Jul 1994 10:01:33 GMT


A free package called HNMS, the NAS Hierarchical Network Management
System, is now available.  The software may be ftp'd from ftp.netcom.com
in the directory /ftp/pub/heyjude.  (We're looking for other sites
to pick this up, as netcom is pretty bogged down).

Please read this full announcement before getting the software.

Note: This software has not yet been ported to the Sparc, or tested on
      platforms other than the Iris.  Although the code is written to be
      portable there are some minor System V dependencies and changes
      that would need to be made to the makefiles.  A Sparc port will be
      available soon, courtesy of Jason Thorpe at Oregon State University.
      In it's current incarnation, HNMS also requires that you link with
      Motif libraries, which are not free software.  We may remedy this
      at a later date with Motif-free GUIs (although we're hoping that
      someone beats us to it).

    HNMS v2.0g2

 This is the first public release of HNMS, the NAS Hierarchical
 Network Management System.  HNMS may be used to monitor status
 and generate traffic statistics for a large, routed IP network.

 Graphical displays are provided for the X11 Window System and
 make use of the Motif widget set.  HNMS is unique is that it
 can be used to graphically display routing information.  The
 GUI provides compact representations of LANs, in which the status
 of every subnet, host, and IP address can be displayed in a small
 area.  Netmask misconfigurations can be picked out immediately.
 It also correctly displays various WAN architectures, such as
 those which include multiple IP addresses per interface
 (or vice versa), or subnets which spread across multiple links.
 A custom version of HNMS was used to generate the live,
 three-dimensional representation of the cross-country ATM network
 at Supercomputing '93 in Portland, Oregon.

 Data collection is handled via SNMP, ICMP, and direct layer 2
 monitoring.  Distribution of network management information is
 done via HNMP, a new protocol which builds upon the simple,
 stateless client-server model used by SNMP.  HNMP defines
 network objects, binds SNMP variables to them, and facilitates
 higher level management operations on them.  The ASN.1
 specification of HNMP is included in this package.

 Please note that there is also a release of HNMS that we are
 distributing through COSMIC, NASA's software technology
 transfer organization.  COSMIC may (or may not) provide
 support for that distribution, but please do not ask them
 for any kind of support concerning this one.  They will not
 be able to help you.  This version of HNMS has been made
 available to you, by special dispensation, as FREE SOFTWARE
 under the GNU public licence ("copyleft").  It is distributed
 as is, with NO WARRANTY for its fitness for any purpose,
 and is NON-PRODUCTION software.  If it is redistributed,
 you may not charge for it or any derivative work.  Please see
 the file "COPYING" for details about all this.

 Full source code is provided.  We encourage the Internet
 community to experiment with, build upon, use, port, learn from,
 add modules to, write scripts for, and expand this software
 package.  There are some areas in which it can be improved,
 especially in the areas of generality and efficiency.
 We would like to see standardized displays for various types
 of networks and monitored objects, as well as customized displays
 for specific network hardware, and have them be freely available
 to everyone.

 The authors do not have the resources to maintain this software
 outside of NAS.  Although we may continue to add enhancements,
 we are hoping that other(s) will take on the role of incorporating
 bug fixes and extensions to the code, and sending out new releases.

 We do welcome any suggestions or bug reports that you may
 have -- but there's no guarantee that we will be able to
 help you, or even have time to respond.  We are working full
 time (and then some) on other projects.  To reach us via
 email, mail to hnmsdev@nas.nasa.gov.

 This software has not been extensively tested.  Consider it
 to be NON-PRODUCTION code.  There have been (and may still be)
 bugs which cause it to crash systems, run rampant on networks,
 or just annoy people.  Neither the authors, nor NASA, nor
 anybody at all takes any responsibility for any damage that
 HNMS may cause, directly or indirectly, to your network, your
 users, or anything.

 That said, it works pretty well for us.

 Jude George  Leslie Schlecht
 jude@nas.nasa.gov schlecht@nas.nasa.gov

 Any opinions expressed above are a figment of your imagination,
 and should not be taken to reflect the views of NAS, NASA, CSC,
 or anybody else.

                                    -----------

 TO BUILD, follow the instructions in the top-level Makefile.

------> Be forewarned that you will need to obtain the Motif libraries,
------> ISODE-7.0 (not 8.0) and tcpdump if they do not already exist
 on your system.

 FOR COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS on installing and using HNMS,
 please read the file docs.ps.

Here are some quick-start instructions for the HNMS daemon, the graphical
user interface, and the textual user interface.  The binaries are called
hnmsd, hnms, and hnmstool.

INSTALLATION

1. Untar and build the HNMS distribution.  Sources, docs, and auxiliary
   files are included.  This version of HNMS has only been tested on
   the Silicon Graphics Iris under IRIX 4.0.5.  It should work with little
   modification on SparcStations running SunOS 4.x.

1. Choose a directory to be the hnms "home", and copy the binaries
   and the background/ directory to that directory.

2. Set the $HNMS_HOME environment variable to be that directory.  You
   may want to put this in your .login.

3. Make sure tcpdump is in your path.  It's usually located in
   /usr/local/etc.  The HNMS IO module uses tcpdump to discover new
   IP addresses.

4. Make the hnmsd (and tcpdump, if necessary) setuid root.  The HNMS
   IO module, contained within hnmsd, needs root to access the ICMP
   socket.

5. Set the HNMS_PROMISCUOUS environment variable.  We are just using
   this as a flag to tell the IO module that it's okay use promiscuous
   Ethernet monitoring.

6. Start hnmsd.

RUNTIME -- GUI

The GUI binary is called "hnms".  If you are running it on a machine
different from the server, set the HNMS_SERVER environment variable
to have the server machine's name.

Start the hnms program.  Once the GUI's main window appears, choose
"Open" from the "HNMP" menu at the top center of the window.  A new
window titled "Server" will pop up.  In this window, type "public"
in the Community field, and the hostname of the server machine in the
Selection field.  Then click the Connect button. 

At this point, you can start building diagrams.  Choose "New -->
Custom Status View" from the HNMS menu on the main window.
An "EDIT" window will pop up.  Type an asterisk in the Selection
field, then click Add, then click the check mark at the top.
You will see a display of all the hosts that the server currently
knows about ("Processor" objects), along with their IP addresses
("Ipaddr" objects") and the subnets they are connected to ("Subnet
objects).  If you have just recently started up hnmsd, the objects
will appear magenta while hnmsd is ramping up.  This process
takes three minutes.  Afterwards they will change to green.
When a reachable object becomes unreachable, it changes to yellow,
then red.

Feel free to experiment with the rest of the menu items.  "Site" and
"WAN" diagrams may be built in a manner similar to the "Custom".
For WAN diagrams to be displayed properly, the sysLocation field of
your hosts should be in the format <any-string> <longitude> <latitude>.
For example, "NASA Ames Research Center -122.5 37.1".

RUNTIME -- PLAINTEXT

You may also run hnmstool.  This program takes commands on stdin and
outputs results on stdout, so it can be used effectively from within
shell scripts.  For a demonstration, we will run it interactively.

The hnmstool does not give a prompt.  After starting it, wait a minute
or two for it to get the list of HNMS objects from the server.
for the HNMS daemon to pick up a good assortment of objects from the
network.  Then type list.  You should see a list of objects scroll down
the screen.  Only hosts with SNMP agents responding to "public" will be
shown.  To pick up other hosts, type hint <hostname> <community-name>.
For example:

hint snafu.nas.nasa.gov foobar

The next time you type list, you should see                     

processor:snafu

among the objects.  To get data about an object, type
subscribe "<object>" <variable>@<interval>.  For example:

subscribe "processor:snafu" sysUpTime.0@15

This will give you a report of the value of the sysUpTime.0 variable
every 15 seconds, if the variable changes.  Since sysUpTime.0 constantly
changes, you will get an update on stdout every 15 seconds.

------------------------------

Date: Fri, 22 Jul 1994 06:40:49 MDT
From: Rob Slade <roberts@decus.ca>
Subject: "Broadband Networking ABCs for Managers" by Davidson


BKBNABCM.RVW  940426
 
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5353 Dundas Street West, 4th Floor
Etobicoke, ON  M9B 6H8
416-236-4433   fax: 416-236-4448
or
22 Worchester Road
Rexdale, Ontario  M9W 9Z9
800-263-1590   800-567-4797
fax: 800-565-6802
or
605 Third Avenue
New York, NY   10158-0012
USA
800-CALL-WILEY
212-850-6630
Fax: 212-850-6799
Fax: 908-302-2300
jdemarra@jwiley.com
aponnamm@jwiley.com
"Broadband Networking ABCs for Managers", Davidson, 1994, 0-471-61954-X,
U$29.95
 
With the continuing development of new computer and communications
technologies, and the increasing rate of such development, it is
difficult for professionals in the field to keep up, let alone
managers and executives who must make the final decisions.  This book
is a welcome resume of some of the "hot" new data communications
methods and standards.
 
Chapters one to three are primarily concerned with the factors driving
increased communications needs; more desktop power, group work,
multimedia, mobile computing, and telecommuting of various types; and
the benefits of improved networking.  Chapters four and five give
basic background information on LAN technologies, dealing,
respectively, with local and internetworking functions.  It is
chapters six to eight that give hard information on the new
technologies, such as frame relays, call relay, ATM (asynchronous
transfer mode), and SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork).  Data
professionals will grasp explanations readily, seeing ATM, for
example, as a form of "slotted ring" networking.  Unfortunately, the
material of the first five chapters is not a sufficient background to
understand the technical implications of this central text.  Managers
and executives, unless former techies themselves, are not likely to
understand the concepts without further help.  The book continues with
a more conceptual discussion of the internetworking of the
technologies, in chapter nine, and a fairly terse glance at planning,
in chapter ten.
 
For those charged with communications planning for medium- to
large-sized organizations, this book is a valuable reference to have
on the technical planning bookshelf.  Even if you cannot give it to
the denizens of executive country, it will give you a clearer picture
when you are called in to help them decide on these bright new
communications technologies.
 
copyright Robert M. Slade, 1994   BKBNABCM.RVW  940426. Distribution
permitted in TELECOM Digest and associated publications/mailing lists.


Vancouver      ROBERTS@decus.ca    
Institute for  Robert_Slade@sfu.ca 
Research into  rslade@cue.bc.ca    
User           p1@CyberStore.ca    
Security       Canada V7K 2G6      

------------------------------

From: Dr. John Berryhill <berryh@huey.udel.edu>
Subject: True Voice Re-Exam - Some Additional Comments
Date: 22 Jul 1994 03:41:37 GMT
Organization: little scraps of paper, mostly


     During the earlier discussion about True Voice, someone said,
quite pointedly, that it is "not as simple as playing graphic
equalizer with the telephone line."  In fact, the ONLY specific pieces
of equipment mentioned in the Bowker patent are a Yamaha DEQ-7
equalizer and a 4ESS toll switch.  Go figure.  To me, it sounds an
awful lot like "playing graphic equalizer with the telephone line."

     Getting a Yamaha DEQ-7 equalizer to operate on time-division
multiplexed companded PCM signals in a toll switch is left as an
exercise for the reader.  According to the folks at Yamaha, the DEQ-7
requires linear-encoded digital signals in a proprietary Yamaha
format.

     As far as the "sophisticated digital signal processing techniques" 
that someone had mentioned in the earlier discussion, the Bowker
patent says the following:

          "[C]oefficients of the digital filter are
          selected in a conventional manner to increase
          the level of speech signals occurring within
          a particular range of frequencies..." 
          [column 3, lines 30-33]

          "Specifically, as is well-known, an echo
          canceler performs a number of signal
          processing functions." 
          [column 4, line 62]

          "Digital filter 110-22 implements the
          inventive method in echo canceler 110-2.  A
          similar circuit implements the invention in
          echo canceler 105-2.  The way in which a
          digital filter is implemented is well-known
          and will not be discussed herein."
          [column 5, lines 29-33]

Pretty sophisticated stuff.  In the Reexamination Request, this is
what is called "admitted prior art."  Of course, if you had seen
"Voice Frequency Transmission Treatment for Special Service Telephone
Circuits" in Bell Syst. Tech. J., v60 n7, Sept. 1981, you would have
already known that the well-known "number of signal processing
functions" performed by an echo canceler include:

          "...(i) an equalizer for the transmit
          direction of transmission,
            (ii) an equalizer for the receive direction
          of transmission, and
           (iii) a canceler." 
          [page 1590]


     The Bowker patent suggests using such an equalizer to compensate
for the low-frequency roll-off of a standard telephone.  As any EE
knows, graphs of frequency response are often called Bode plots.  In
the classic Bell Labs paper on variable equalizers published by H.W.
Bode in 1938, (Bell Syst.  Tech. J., vol. 17, no. 2), Dr. Bode had
this to say on the subject:

          "The use of equalizing structures to
          compensate for the variation in the phase and
          attenuation characteristics of transmission
          lines and other pieces of apparatus is well
          known in the communication art." 
          [page 229]

          "The network should then behave much like a
          radio 'tone control.'" [page 230]

Quick quiz for the technically-impaired: Name one "other piece of
apparatus", aside from a transmission line, that one might find in a
telephone system?

     If you guessed "a telephone" then you qualify for the bonus
round.  If you didn't, then you need a quick refresher from Mr.  G.J.
Barnes, from the record of the 1979 National Telecommunications
Conference:

          "The telephone is an integral part of the
          network and satisfactory conversational
          quality is usually only achieved when due
          account is taken of the characteristics of
          each of the communication links." 
          [page 51.1.5]

     Among the five items of prior art that AT&T cited to the examiner
during prosecution of the patent, in accordance with their duty to
disclose relevant information known to them, was an anonymous article
from _Hobby Electronics_ on how to build your own stereo bass booster.
Another item related to car stereos.  Only two of the five had
anything to do with telephony.

     I understand that things may have been tough since divestiture,
but they might want to trade their _Hobby Electronics_ subscription
for the Bell System Technical Journal (since re-named).  Surely they'd
qualify for a TrueDiscount or something.

     For the severely technically-impaired, there is the charming 1934
book, intended for a popular audience, by Mr. J. Mills entitled
_Signals and Speech in Electrical Communications_ (Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich), stating:

          "The test experiment is easily set up by one
          'skilled in the art' as the patent lawyers
          would say.  It requires telephone equipment;
          and in the line between the transmitter,
          which picks up the musical note, and the loud
          speaker, which delivers its mutilated remains
          to the observer, a set of adjustable electric
          filters, for those devices are selective in
          their transmission and will eliminate
          currents corresponding to undesired pitches.
             In fact, when once a sound wave has been
          anaesthetized by a transmitter and laid out
          on a pair of telephone wires, the most
          crucial of operations may be performed upon
          it.  Its various components can be removed,
          amplified or rearranged." [pages 14-15]

The most striking thing about this passage is Mr. Mills' ability to
predict, exactly 60 years in advance, what patent lawyers would say.

And, by the way, if you watch the end of the commercial closely, you
will notice that Whitney Houston's mouth movements are out of synch
with the soundtrack.


John Berryhill
1601 Market St., Suite 720, Philadelphia PA  19103

------------------------------

Date: Fri, 22 Jul 1994 14:55:00 GMT
From: charles (c.a.) hoequist <hoequist@bnr.ca>
Subject: Re: Camelot on the Moon 


I, too, was thrilled watching the first moon landing (and the
subsequent ones, for that matter), and I'd like to put some details on
the Moderator's reminiscences that prefaced Don Kimberlin's article.
PAT wrote

> Even the talking heads of television news had nothing to say, so
> shocking was the scene before all of us. Imagine nearly an hour of
> dead air, just silence from the men and women who usually have plenty
> to say ...  they sat there as shocked as the rest of us. We stared at
> a picture on a screen for nearly an hour without a word of sound as
> the men

Not on CBS, they weren't silent, though we probably all just tuned
them out. I certainly did.  I sat down yesterday, though, and listened
to a tape I made live of the audio from the CBS broadcast. (frequently
stopping the tape and just sitting, overwhelmed -- it hasn't lost any
of its impact for me), and here is a transcription of the central
event. Note the telecom glitch (inverted display) and the inability of
the talking heads (the two Walters, Cronkite and Schirra) to just belt
up for once and let history happen.

         -------------- transcription start ------------------

Apollo: Roger, tv circuit breaker's in [unintelligible] 

Houston: Roger. And we're getting a picture on the tv!

Cronkite: There it is! 
Schirra: Oh, great!

Apollo: You got a good picture, huh?

Houston: There's a great deal of contrast in it, and currently it's
upside-down on our monitor, but we can make out a fair amount of
detail.

Cronkite: four hundred million people are turning on their heads at
the moment, with those words. Uh, they're supposed to turn that
picture over for us, electronically.

Schirra: There's some motion there.

Cronkite: There, they turned it over now. 

Schirra: There's a foot going down.

Cronkite: There he is, there's a foot coming down the steps.

Houston: Okay, Neil, we can see you coming down the ladder now.

Apollo: Okay, I just checked, getting back up to that first step.
It's, not collapsed too far, but it's adequate to get back up.

Houston: Roger, we copy.

Apollo: It's a pretty good little jump.

Cronkite: So there's a foot on the moon! Stepping down on the moon. If
he's testing that first step, he must be stepping down on the moon at
this point! Ten-

Houston: Buzz, this is Houston. [Add? aft?] 2 1/160ths second for shadow
photography on the sequence camera.

Apollo: [Aldrin] Okay. [Armstrong] I'm uh, at the foot of the ladder.
The LEM footpads are only, uh, depressed in the surface about one or
two inches, although the surface appears to be, uh, very, very
fine-grained as you get close to it. It's almost like a powder.
[unintelligible] is very fine.

Cronkite: Boy, look at those pictures. Wow! It's a little shadowy, but
he said he expected that in the shadow of the lunar module. Armstrong
is on the moon. Neil Armstrong, [Armstrong's voice in the background:
"Okay, I'm gonna [unintelligible] off the LEM now" ] 38-year-old
American, standing on the surface of the moon. On this July 20th,
nineteen hundred and sixty-nine.  [Armstrong has started talking under
the word, 'nine': "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for
mankind."]

[ several seconds of dead air ]

Schirra: I think that was Neil's quote. I didn't understand it.

Cronkite: 'One small step for man', but I didn't get the second
phrase.  Someone of our monitors here, at space headquarters, was able
to hear that, we'd like to know what it was. [Armstrong under:
[unintelligble] The surface is fine and powdery. I can kick it up
loosely with my toe. It does adhere in fine layers, like powdered
charcoal, to the sole and sides of my boot."]

Cronkite: His quote was, that's one small step for man, that's one
giant leap for mankind [Armstrong under: unintelligible, due to
Cronkite talking]

      ---------------- transcription end --------------


[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: You kinda feel excited even reading about
it ... Well, I hope the messages this past week on the 25th anniversary
of the moon walk have been enjoyable to everyone. The action on Jupiter
this past week has also been fascinating. At least in the case of Jupiter
there have been others to observe what is going on. I wonder, when it
happens here -- as it surely will some day -- if there will be anyone to
mourn or miss us after we are gone, or anyone who even knows that it
happened? At least we know it happened on Jupiter, even though there is
not a thing we can do about it.   PAT]

------------------------------

Date: Fri, 22 Jul 1994 00:45:31 -0700
From: john@bovine.ati.com (John Higdon)
Subject: Re: Reading the TELECOM Digest May Be a Crime


> [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: This time around dear readers, I decided
> to save the best for first. Let's all have a good laugh to start this
> issue at the expense of the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company
> Security Department. They must really think they are hot stuff.   PAT]

While this refers to an incident circa 1976, it should be noted that
Pac*Bell's security department continues its tradition of ultra-silly
behavior and attitude even to this day.

A couple of years ago I was involved in consultations with the
defendant in a "telephonic misconduct" case. At one point it was
necessary to visit the local FBI office to review the physical
evidence that the bureau was intending to use against the alleged
wrongdoer. In addition to the agents, the head of security for Pacific
Bell was on hand, presumably to protect the interests of his company
during my pawing of the evidence.

Among the many harmless-looking items was a street map of the south
Bay Area. My curiosity could no longer be suppressed, so I asked,
"What is the significance of this particular item?" With that, I waved
the map in the air. Mr. Security immediately rushed over, grabbed the
map out of my hand and announced, "that is a map that has been marked
to REVEAL Pacific Bell central office locations!"

"May I see it, please?" One of the FBI agents motioned for Mr.
Security to return the map to my hands, at which time I opened it and
spread it out on the table. Then I proceeded to deliberately and
obviously run my finger to a dozen or so points on the map saying,
"There is no mark here; no mark here; no mark here...", etc. Mr.
Security's eyes were becoming as big as saucers. "No, this is not a
map of central office locations. What marks there are on this map are
not designating them at all."

Mr. Security came unglued. "How do YOU know where the central offices
are located? Those locations are SECRET!" I explained to him that not
only were the buildings themselves plainly marked with gigantic
Pac*Bell logos, but the complete listing of exchange areas with maps
and CO locations was available to any equipment vendor or service
reseller. At the same time, I informed him that another piece of
evidence, the test number directory, was also available to the public.
That dude had one long face.

There are some telco people who apparently missed what happened in 1984!


John Higdon  |    P.O. Box 7648   |   +1 408 264 4115     |       FAX:
john@ati.com | San Jose, CA 95150 | 10288 0 700 FOR-A-MOO | +1 408 264 4407


[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Welcome back to the Digest, John. For
the newer readers among us (those joining in the past year or so), John
was a regular participant for several years prior to the great schism
which occurred now about as year ago.  Glad you chose to post again John,
and perhaps you will be around more often.   PAT]

------------------------------

Date: Fri, 22 Jul 1994 14:05:21 CDT
From: Andrew C. Green <ACG@dlogics.com>
Subject: Re: Reading the TELECOM Digest May Be a Crime


Our Moderator writes:

> The little book published by the Radio Hobbyists Guild was given away
> to anyone who sent a dollar or four postage stamps with a self addressed
> large envelope                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

 ... and address it "Care of Congressman Dan Rostenkowski..."   :-)

Aw, I couldn't resist...


Andrew C. Green           (312) 266-4431
Datalogics, Inc.          Internet: acg@dlogics.com
441 W. Huron              
Chicago, IL  60610-3498   FAX: (312) 266-4473


[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Thank you for your input into this discussion
Andrew. Yeah, Dan Rostenkowski finally got his come-uppance after all these
years. I think he would prefer the dollar bill instead of the stamps.   PAT]

------------------------------

End of TELECOM Digest V14 #330
******************************

