TELECOM Digest     Tue, 19 Jul 94 02:14:00 CDT    Volume 14 : Issue 326

Inside This Issue:                           Editor: Patrick A. Townson

    Re: USA Direct Question (John R Levine)
    Re: USA Direct Question (Stefek Zaba)
    Re: USA Direct Question (Clive D.W. Feather)
    Re: USA Direct Question (Mike King)
    Re: USA Direct Question (Richard Cox)
    Re: USA Direct Question (Ole J. Jacobsen)
    Re: Pager and Pager Network (Rob Lockhart)
    Re: Pager and Pager Network (Dave Held)
    Re: Caller-ID in Phoenix, AZ (James Taranto)
    Re: Caller-ID in Phoenix, AZ (Larry Long)
    Re: Pacific Bell Saves its Backside (Dave Held)
    Re: Pacific Bell Saves its Backside (Paul S. Sawyer)
    Re: NetWorld+Interop'94 Atlanta (Ole J. Jacobsen)
    Re: Networld+Interop'94 Atlanta (Richard James)
    Simple T1 WAN Networking (Aaron Jones)
    CFP: Satellite Conference in Russia (mchenry@misvms.bpa.arizona.edu)
    Last Laugh! Telephone Connections, as Explained on Usenet (John Lundgren)

TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not
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----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Mon, 18 Jul 94 23:25 EDT
From: johnl@iecc.com (John R Levine)
Subject: Re: USA Direct Question
Organization: I.E.C.C., Cambridge, Mass.


> AT&T says to dial "0500-89-0011".  However in its directories and on
> London Underground maps British Telecom (BT) says that the number is
> "0800-89-0011".  [and AT&T says to use the 0500 number]

I believe that 0800 is toll free via BT, while 0500 is toll free via
Mercury.  Considering BT's recent deal with MCI, I'm not surprised
that AT&T would switch to their less expensive competitor.


Regards,

John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, jlevine@delphi.com, 1037498@mcimail.com

------------------------------

From: sjmz@hplb.hpl.hp.com (Stefek Zaba)
Subject: Re: USA Direct Question
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 08:19:19 GMT
Organization: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Bristol, England


David G. Cantor (dgc@ccrwest.org) wrote:

> What is going on?

when telling about USA Direct being either an 0500 or an 0800 number.

The 0800 numbers are run by BT (British Telecom); the 0500 numbers
came in maybe a year ago, and are provided by BT's rival, Mercury.
Presumably AT&T used to used BT and switched to Mercury.


Cheers, 

Stefek

------------------------------

Subject: Re: USA Direct Question
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 13:19:14 +0100 (BST)
From: Clive D.W. Feather <clive@sco.COM>


Quoth David Cantor:

> I was recently in England making calls to the US using the AT&T
> service "USA Direct".  AT&T says to dial "0500-89-0011".  However in
> its directories and on London Underground maps British Telecom (BT)
> says that the number is "0800-89-0011".

> When I dialed AT&T's USA Direct using the latter (BT) number, the AT&T
> operator asked me where I obtained the number, and then told me to use
> the first number instead.

0800 numbers are "free-to-caller" numbers provided by British Telecom.
0500 numbers are "free-to-caller" numbers provided by Mercury
Telecommunications. It would appear that AT&T are getting a better
deal from Hg than BT, and so have switched carriers.

"800 portability - what's that ?"  :-(


Clive D.W. Feather     | Santa Cruz Operation    
clive@sco.com          | Croxley Centre          
Phone: +44 923 816 344 | Hatters Lane, Watford   
Fax:   +44 923 210 352 | WD1 8YN, United Kingdom 

------------------------------

From: mk@TFS.COM (Mike King)
Subject: Re: USA Direct Question
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 23:42:38 PDT


In TELECOM Digest, V14 #320, David G. Cantor <dgc@ccrwest.org> asked:

> I was recently in England making calls to the US using the AT&T
> service "USA Direct".  AT&T says to dial "0500-89-0011".  However in
> it s directories and on London Underground maps British Telecom (BT)
> says that the number is "0800-89-0011".

The second number is older, using the BT network free number.  The
former number uses the Mercury network free number.  I understand it
has a lower per-minute charge when using USA Direct.

Mercury is the first competitive long distance service to enter the
British market.  They have their own STD codes ("area codes") for each
service where they compete against BT.


Mike King    mk@tfs.com

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 09:50:20 -0400
From: richard@mandarin.com
Subject: Re: USA Direct Question


We have LD competition over in England, too.  But BT's 0800 numbers
arrived first, and AT&T got themselves one for USA direct.  Then
Mercury came along with their equivalent (which used the 0500 code)
and AT&T got one of those numbers, too!  Of course BT promote the
0800 number as it's their service and they get the revenue.  AT&T
prefer you to call the 0500 number as AT&T have to pay for the inbound
call in order to connect you to the number you want -- and Mercury
charge them less than BT does!


Richard D G Cox

Mandarin Technology, PO Box 111, Penarth, South Glamorgan CF64 3YG
Voice: 0956 700111;    Fax: 0956 700110;    VoiceMail: 0941 151515
e-mail address: richard@mandarin.com; PGP2.6 public key on request

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 18 Jul 94 10:05:05 PDT
From: Ole J. Jacobsen <ole@CSLI.Stanford.EDU>
Subject: Re: USA Direct Question


Yes, they are changing from 0800 to 0500. The reason is that the 0800
numbers belong to British Telecom which owns (part of?) MCI a direct
competitor to AT&T. The 0500 numbers are owned by the other carrier in
the UK, Mercury Communications hence the switch.

Last I was there I found that both numbers worked, but I guess they
are phasing out the 0800 number.


Ole J Jacobsen, Editor & Publisher, ConneXions--The Interoperability Report,
Interop Company, a division of ZD Expos, 303 Vintage Park Drive, Foster City,
CA 94404-1138, USA. Phone: +1 (415) 578-6988  Fax: +1 (415) 525-0194.

------------------------------

From: rlockhart@aol.com (RLockhart)
Subject: Re: Pager and Pager Network
Date: 18 Jul 1994 14:10:04 -0400
Organization: America Online, Inc. (1-800-827-6364)


In article <telecom14.318.15@eecs.nwu.edu>, Curtis E. Reid
<CER2520@ritvax.isc.rit.edu> writes:

> Do you, TELECOM Digest readers, know of any other pager network
> companies in the U.S.A. that also offer TDD paging?  If so, can you
> give me their name, address, contact, and phone number (TDD if
> possible)?

Probably one of the fastest ways to find such paging service providers
is by calling one of the manufacturers of such translating equipment.
One such manufacturer is TekNow in Phoenix, Arizona .. 602.266.7800.
TekNow makes a front end processor that, among other things,
translates from TDD to TAP, the alpha page entry protocol.  Perhaps
they would be able to provide you with some background on the paging
service providers that use their equipment.

Another method would be to contact our Subscriber/Pan Am marketing
group.  They have a marketer who specializes in such alpha services.

> On another track, Page New York says that a pager can only be used with
> a single page network company you subscribe to.  Their rationale is
> that the pager frequency is specific to the company and is not
> transportable to another pager network company.  Not like the way
> cellular phone company do.  I told them I find it hard to believe
> because I'm sure there are a lot of people who travel frequently and
> would need to be paged wherever they are.  Can anyone explain what
> exactly is the restriction on the pager for certain coverage?

Right constraint, wrong reason ... most pagers are limited to a
specific operating frequency because they are crystal-controlled.  The
operating frequency is assigned to a specific carrier in a region and
they purchase pagers to operate on that frequency.  Frequencies,
though, are reused by other carriers in different geographic areas
based on some rather specific FCC rules.  Some times, these
geographically-separate carriers will band together to offer a
'roaming' service, but this doesn't happen very often.

If you travel frequently, perhaps you should consider one of the
regional or nationwide services.


Rob Lockhart, Resource Manager, Interactive Data Systems
Paging Products Group, Motorola, Inc.
Desktop I'net:  lockhart-epag06_rob@email.mot.com
Wireless I'net (<32K characters):  rob_lockhart-erl003e@email.mot.com

------------------------------

From: daveheld@delphi.com
Subject: Re: Pager and Pager Network
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 94 21:42:38 -0500
Organization: Delphi (info@delphi.com email, 800-695-4005 voice)


For the most part, a pager can be used only with the pager company
that issued it.
 
There are nationwide paging services that offer service in nearly all
major cities, so you can use your pager in any of those cities; but my
first statement is still true.


Dave

------------------------------

From: taranto@panix.com (James Taranto)
Subject: Re: Caller-ID in Phoenix, AZ
Date: 18 Jul 1994 01:07:10 GMT
Organization: The Bad Taranto


In article <telecom14.321.3@eecs.nwu.edu>, kreed@libre.com (Kevin W. Reed)
wrote:

> We are covered by US West here in Phoenix and recently, I hooked up
> two lines for Caller-ID.  One voice line and and one of my data lines.

> I noticed pretty quickly that the only Caller-ID information that we
> were getting was from the Metropolitan Phoenix area only with everything 
> else coming in as "OUT-OF-AREA".

> I thought this was a bit strange as others (in other States) have
> mentioned that they obtain Caller-ID information from other areas of
> the country on their units.

Most long-distance carriers do not carry Caller ID information.


Cheers,

James Taranto  taranto@panix.com

------------------------------

From: llong@wiltel.com (Larry Long)
Subject: Re: Caller-ID in Phoenix, AZ
Date: 18 Jul 1994 17:50:55 GMT
Organization: Network Development


In article <telecom14.321.3@eecs.nwu.edu>, kreed@libre.com (Kevin W.
Reed) says:

> ... they said it was up to the long distance carrier to
> provide such information and the reason why we don't get it is because
> the callers are using a carrier that doesn't provide that information.

US West is telling you correctly.  WilTel DOES provide caller ID
information.  If you want to see it, for yourself provide me your
voice number and I will call you.  My voice number is 918-588-5056.

------------------------------

From: daveheld@delphi.com
Subject: Re: Pacific Bell Saves its Backside
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 94 02:25:12 -0500
Organization: Delphi (info@delphi.com email, 800-695-4005 voice)


One of my telephone companies also changed its bill format, and,
similar to the above, printed a notice about how the new format would
save paper and trees.  This notice was printed alone on its own sheet
of paper.

 
Dave

------------------------------

From: paul@senex.unh.edu (Paul S. Sawyer)
Subject: Re: Pacific Bell Saves its Backside
Date: 18 Jul 1994 11:03:06 GMT
Organization: UNH Telecommunications and Network Services


In article <telecom14.317.10@eecs.nwu.edu> Alan Millar <AMillar@bolis.
sf-bay.org> writes:

> My local phone company, Pacific Bell, started printing phone bills on
> both sides of the paper this month.

Ditto NYNEX, for a few months now.  (Bicoastal fad?)


Paul S. Sawyer    - University of New Hampshire CIS -  Paul.Sawyer@UNH.Edu
Telecommunications and Network Services                VOX: +1 603 862 3262
50 College Road                                        FAX: +1 603 862 4545
Durham, New Hampshire  03824-3523

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 18 Jul 94 10:02:08 PDT
From: Ole J. Jacobsen <ole@CSLI.Stanford.EDU>
Subject: Re: NetWorld+Interop'94 Atlanta


The show is September 12-16. Send your postal address to info@interop.com 
for a program brochure, or check out http://programs.interop.com for
online information.


Ole J Jacobsen, Editor & Publisher, ConneXions--The Interoperability Report,
Interop Company, a division of ZD Expos, 303 Vintage Park Drive, Foster City,
CA 94404-1138, USA. Phone: +1 (415) 578-6988  Fax: +1 (415) 525-0194.

------------------------------

From: rjames@netcom.com (Richard James)
Subject: Re: Networld+Interop'94 Atlanta
Organization: Kia Ora Associates
Date: Mon, 18 Jul 1994 22:14:43 GMT


In article <telecom14.318.12@eecs.nwu.edu>, atiwan@nwg.nectec.or.th
(Atiwan Prakobsantisukh) wrote:

> Does anyone have any details about the program they could share with me?

Try their WWW server which I think is at www.zdexpos.com.

The URL should be http://www.zdexpos.com.


rj

------------------------------

From: aoj@access2.digex.net (aaronjones)
Subject: Simple T1 WAN Networking
Date: 19 Jul 1994 00:24:01 GMT
Organization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt, MD USA


Greetings Y'all,

I have a client who has a T1 running between two points seperated by
approximately 1700 miles.  They have a LAN at each one of the two
locations. The machines on the LANS are an assortment of Macs, Windows
PCs, and UNIX boxes (SCO, Solaris 2.3, Motorola 88/Open(yechh), and an
RS-6000 thrown in for good measure.

The machines on the LANs at both ends are running a mixture of TCP/IP,
The LANs are running a mixture of TCP/IP,IPX/SPX, and Ethertalk.

What they would like to do is (strangely enough) connect their LANs
together over the T1 circuit.

They would like to do so at the cheapest possible cost.

BTW, the T1 is currently sitting idle awaiting installation of a Frame
Relay network, but they need something _now_.  I will not be receiving
any renumeration for this, but I would like to help out a friend.

Any advise as to how they might accomplish this would be greatly 
appreciated.


Aaron Jones  Ph: (416) 213-2040  <Witty thought of the day omitted>
InterAccess Consulting  Fax:(416) 213-5760
Toronto, Ontario Email: aoj@digex.net

------------------------------

From: mchenry@misvms.bpa.arizona.edu
Subject: CFP: Satellite Conference in Russia
Date: 18 Jul 1994 09:47 MST
Organization: University of Arizona (BPA)


        International Conference on Satellite Communications
                                ICSC'94
                   October 18-21, 1994 Moscow, Russia

Organizers
 -  Russian Popov Society for Radioengineering, Electronics and Communications
 -  Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences
 -  International Center for Scientific and Technical Information
 -  IEEE Russia Section
 -  IEEE Communications Society
 -  IEEE Region 8
 -  CSELT (Italy)
 -  TELESPAZIO (Italy)

In cooperation with:
*       Ministry of Communications of Russia
*       Russia Space Agency
*       Regional Communication Administration of C.I.S.
*       Russian-American Magazine "Networks"
*       Research Radio Institute (Russia)
*       Intergovernment International Organization On Space Communication
        "Intersputnik"
*       Joint Stock Company "Telecom" (Russia)
*       Joint Stock Company "Maraphon-Earth" (Russia)
*       Joint Stock Company "Informkosmos" (Russia)
*       Research & Production Enterprise "Prikladnaya Mekhanika" (Russia)
*       Research & Production Enterprise "Energia" (Russia)
*       Space Research Institute, Russian Academy Of Sciences
*       State Enterprise "Space Communication" (Russia)
*       State Enterprise "Morsvyazsputnik" (Russia)
*       Fund for Development of Telecommunication Systems Of Russia
*       Moscow Research Radioengineering Institute (Russia)
*       Moscow Research Institute For Radio Communications (Russia)
*       International Academy Of Informatization (Department On Satellite
        And Earth Communication Systems And Broadcasting)

              SESSIONS OF THE CONFERENCE :

   Session 1 -Satellite communication systems and broadcasting
   Session 2- Platform launchers and space complex
   Session 3- Technology and equipment for satellite
              communications
   Session 4- Satellite based systems with high elliptical and
              low Earth orbits
   Session 5- Satellite based systems for ecological monitoring
              and navigation
   Session 6- VSAT networking and data transmission
   Session 7- Signal processing for satellite communications

             PRELIMINARY PROGRAMME :

   October 18,1994
   Tuesday
   10.00-14.00 Opening ceremony
               Plenary session
   14.00-15.00-Lunch
   15.00-18.00-Sessions 1,5.
   19.00       Cocktail-party

   October 19,1994
   Wednesday
   9.00-13.00  Sessions 1,5
   11.00-13.00 Sessions 4,7
   13.00-15.00 Lunch
               Discussion of poster papers (Sessions 1,4,5,7)
   15.00-17.00 Sessions 4,7
   17.00-18.00 Round table discussion
               Session 6

   October 20,1994
   Thursday
   9.00-13.00  Sessions 2,4.
   11.00-13.00 Session 3
   11.00-13.00 Round table discussion "Satellites with low Earth orbits"
   13.00-15.00 Lunch
               Discussion of poster papers (Sessions 2,3,6)
   15.00-17.00 Closing ceremony

   October 21,1994
   Friday
   10.00-17.00 Visits to research and space centers.
               Visit to International Exhibition "NetCom94". 

     The International Technical Programme Committee has approved
     Your paper...............................................
               ...............................................

             for presenting at:

             Plenary session
             Session...........................................
             poster paper discussion

The registration fee (300 $US) should be sent by October 1,1994 to
Bank Account:

    ICSTI
    acc.# 00107001147
    Beneficiary's Bank: BANK "CREDIT-MOSCOW"
                        16, Gospitalnaya Sq.,
                        111250 Moscow, Russia
    Intermediary Bank:  The Bank of New York
                        48, Wall Street, NY NY 10286
                        acc. # 890-0057-033

The registration fee includes: visa support, hotel reservation, local
transport, sightseeing of Moscow with a guide, cocktail party, coffee
breaks, program and proceedings of the conference, business visits,
translation services, arrival and departure service.

The registration fee for accompanying persons (85 $US) includes visa
support, local transport, hotel reservation, cocktail party,
sightseeing of Moscow, arrival and departure services.

Deadline for Your paper in camera-ready format is August 15,1994. The
paper and abstract (2 copies) should be sent to Dr. Juri Gornostaev,
ICSC'94 Orgcom, 21-B, Kuusinen St., ICSTI, Moscow, 125252 Russia by
express mail (DHL, Federal Express, TNT, etc.). Fax:(7-095)943-0089,
e-mail:enir@ccic.icsti.msk.su

For obtaining an official invitation and visa please fill and
send the following form to the above given address.

1. Name  ........................................................
2. Citizenship ..................................................
3. Date of birth ................................................
4. Passport No ..................................................
5. Address ......................................................
6. Cities for visits ............................................
7. Date of arrival and departure ................................
8. Fax number ...................................................

------------------------------

From: jlundgre@ohlone.kn.PacBell.COM (John Lundgren)
Subject: Last Laugh! Telephone Connections as Explained on Usenet
Date: 15 Jul 94 03:31:22 GMT
Organization: Pacific Bell Knowledge Network


[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: John Lundgren found this gem of wisdom
on some Usenet group somewhere and passed it along, adding some comments
of his own. I suppose it was one of the telecom newsgroups, but who knows.
The amount of misinformation circulating in the cesspool these days is
nothing short of astounding. Read it yourself and see how wild things have
gotten there. The ignorance of the two correspondents would be funny if
it were not so typical there.   PAT]

Robert Macy (robert.macy@engineers.com) wrote:

: GT>I know there are two wires from the exchange to my house but there are
: GT>4 on a standard BT phone plug. Why the extra two? and how is the
: GT>ringer inside the phone activated? how does the exchange know when you
: GT>lift up the phone?

: Some say the four wires were used to confuse people and discourage them
: from attempting to wire their own telephones (in the old days)

WRONG.  See below.  BTW, You should be reading TELECOM Digest to get 
the real info.

: Now just use the extra wires to add a second line.

: Note: the voltage from the telco should be polarized.  The red and green
: wires are the main ones with red being negative with respect to the grn.

You better check that with a voltmeter.  I think it's minus on the tip
or green wire.

: Old AT&T telephones with touch-tone need to have that voltage supplied
: to them properly, or the touch-tone pad won't work.  New phones use a
: bridge rectifier and the polarity of the line doesn't matter.

: When your phone is ON-HOOK, the phone company supplies around 45 to 65
: Volts to it (looking for you to take some current).  When you lift the
: handset, the current you pull is detected at the local telco switch
: station and a new power supply is connected to your line to power your
: phone. Yes, there is a short time you have no power to your phone.  The
: "ON-LINE" power supply is something like 12 V in series with some
: resistance.  That resistance is a function of the line distance out to
: your home.

THAT'S MISINFORMATION.  The phone is powered from the same battery,
which is about 48VDC, when off hook.  Part of the voltage drop is
across the relay coil, with the voltage across the phone depending on
how much current it draws.  And it is supposed to be a current loop.
There is NO 'on-line power supply' other than the 48V battery.

: But the AC impedance is supposed to be 600 Ohms.  The 600 Ohms is
: standard audio impedance which reduces echoes and allows for the
: creation of line amplifiers.

: Line amplifiers are a miraculous device that amplifies signals going
: along a two wire system.  You can set the gain for a different level
: each direction.  In other words, between your phone and mine (out in
: the middle of no where) it is possible to make a little amplifier that
: amplifies your signal, or my signal.  All powered off the two lines
: themselves.  Neat, huh?  

BUT WRONG.  The phone company used to put loading coils, which are a
88 millihenry inductor, in the line.  This compensated for the
capacitance.  In the U.S. they never put an amplifier on the line.
Why?  Because if it drew any current, it would cause the CO to think
the phone was off the hook!  And what kind of amplifier?  Tubes?
Transistors?  NO!  This phone system was invented long before either
of them.

Today's subscriber lines may go into 'pair gain' equipment that
multiplexes the line along with 23 others onto a T1 carrier.  It's
commonly called a SLIC.  From there it goes back to the CO as a
digital bit stream.  This equipment may be located in the neighborhood, 
in an underground bunker like we have around here where I live.

: GT>If anyone can enlighten me I'd be very grateful, (I've looked around
: GT>for books etc but didn't find anything with real tech details).

: OLD books in the library have *all* the details.  At least basic
: details, the actual techniques now used were implemented about 20 years
: ago when Captain Crunch and his followers got into everything and people
: were making "blue boxes" to call around the world for free.

: GT>If you could email info (as well as posting) that would be even better
: GT>as my news feed doesn't keep news for long.

: I swear this is true.  Certain details of the telephone industry, if I

And I swear that you're WRONG if you're in the U.S.

: tell you how they work, I would be committing a felony (that's right, a
: felony).  And *you* would be committing a felony for listening!  How do
: you like them apples?

So I suppose it's against the law to read the Bell System Technical
Journal?  You've got to be kidding!!!

What do you think we are, a bunch of chumps?  NO WAY?!

:                                         - Robert -

John Lundgren - Elec Tech - Info Tech Svcs 
Rancho Santiago Community College District 
17th St. at Bristol \ Santa Ana, CA 92706  
jlundgre@pop.rancho.cc.ca.us\jlundgr@eis.calstate.edu


[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: And there you have it, straight from the
source of all true gospel, the Usenet. I'll bet you did not know my
publication of the Digest and your reading of it was illegal, did you?
And John, when you responded by telling him to read this Digest, did you
know you were encouraging him to commit a felony?  <g> ...

Now I'll grant you, AT&T in years past never made any effort to explain
themselves to the general public, nor do they now. The most infamous case
of all was in the middle 1960's when {Ramparts Magazine} announced their
intention to publish the (then) formula used by Mother to construct calling
card check digits or 'proof of legitimacy key letters' in the next issue
of their magazine.  Mother just about went crazy; she got a restraining
order in court at the last minute (the press run was complete and the
magazine was in distribution to newstands everywhere) preventing {Ramparts}
 from giving out the information. All the copies in circulation had to
be recalled and handed over to The Telephone Company for shredding. 

For those not familiar with it, {Ramparts} was an odd little magazine
published in Berkeley, California by a bunch of odd little people. They 
were against the War, and all that, and devoted their magazine to things
designed to upset and embarass the establishment, not the least of which
was Ma Bell and her children. There is no such modern word as 'rampart' by
the way. It is an archaism last used in middle French/English dating from
about 1583 or so and it roughly translates in modern English to 'a hole dug 
in the ground behind a large pile of dirt or behind a hill where one
can hide (in the hole) to watch one's enemies without being seen ...'.
The magazine took its name from the first stanza of {The Star Spangled
Banner} written by Francis Scott Key with its words, 'whose broad stripes 
and bright stars / through the perilous night / from the ramparts we
watched / were so gallantly streaming ..'. The odd little soldiers
waged war against the War in their own way, and Ma Bell squashed them
when they offended her, sort of as one would swat a fly or step on a
cockroach. Does anyone know if {Ramparts} is still around?  John, maybe the 
writer of that snippet you sent from Usenet was thinking about {Ramparts} 
when he said it is illegal to talk about Phone Company Secrets.  PAT]

------------------------------

End of TELECOM Digest V14 #326
******************************

