07050
 \\When his end was nigh\\ (\\teleutn\\). Present active participle of
 \\teleuta\\, to finish or close
 # Mt 2:19
 "finishing his life." \\Of the departure\\ (\\peri ts exodou\\). Late
 compound for way out, exit as here, metaphorically of death as
 here
 # Lu 9:31; 2Pe 1:15
 \\Concerning his bones\\ (\\peri tn osten autou\\). Uncontracted form
 as in
 # Mt 23:27

07051
 \\Was hid\\ (\\ekrub\\). Second aorist passive indicative of \\krupt\\, to
 hide, as in
 # Mt 5:14
 \\Three months\\ (\\trimnon\\). Old adjective used as neuter substantive
 in accusative case for extent of time, here only in N.T. \\A goodly\\
 \\child\\ (\\asteion to paidion\\). Literally, "the child was goodly"
 (predicate adjective). Old adjective from \\astu\\ (city), "of the
 city" ("citified"), of polished manners, genteel. In N.T. only
 here and
 # Ac 7:20
 about Moses both times. Quoted from
 # Ex 2:2
 \\The king's commandment\\ (\\to diatagma tou basiles\\). Late compound
 for injunction from \\diatass\\, only here in the N.T.

07052
 \\When he was grown up\\ (\\megas genomenos\\). "Having become great"
 (from
 # Ex 2:11
 \\Refused\\ (\\rnesato\\). First aorist middle indicative of \\arneomai\\,
 to deny, to refuse. He was of age and made his choice not from
 ignorance. \\Son\\ (\\huios\\). Predicate nominative with \\legesthai\\ (to
 be spoken of, present passive infinitive, of \\leg\\).

07053
 \\Choosing rather\\ (\\mallon helomenos\\). "Rather having chosen"
 (second aorist middle of \\haire\\, to take for oneself a position).
 \\To be entreated with\\ (\\sunkakoucheisthai\\). Present passive
 infinitive of the double compound \\sunkakouche\\ (from \\sun, kakos,\\
 \\ech\\), to treat ill with (associative instrumental case), only
 known example save one in the papyri (second century A.D.),
 though \\kakouche\\ in
 # Heb 11:37; 13:3
 \\To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season\\ (\\proskairon echein\\
 \\hamartias apolausin\\). Literally, "to have temporary pleasure of
 sin." \\Apolausis\\ is old word from \\apolau\\, to enjoy, in N.T. only
 here and
 # 1Ti 6:17
 \\Proskairos\\ (from \\pros, kairos\\) is a common _Koin_ word as the
 antithesis to \\ainios\\ (eternal) as in
 # Mt 13:21; Mr 4:17; 2Co 4:18
 (only N.T. examples). To have been disloyal to God's people would
 have brought enjoyment to Moses in the Egyptian Court for a short
 while only.

07054
 \\The reproach of Christ\\ (\\ton oneidismon tou Christou\\). See
 # Ps 89:51
 for the language where "the Messiah" ("The Anointed One") is what
 is meant by \\tou Christou\\, here rightly applied by the writer to
 Jesus as the Messiah who had his own shame to bear
 # 12:2; 13:12
 There is today as then
 # Heb 13:13
 a special reproach (\\oneidismos\\, already,
 # 10:33
 in being a follower of Jesus Christ. Moses took this obloquy as
 "greater riches" (\\meizona plouton\\) than "the treasures of Egypt"
 (\\tn Aiguptou thsaurn\\, ablative case after comparative \\meizona\\,
 for which see
 # Mt 6:19
 Moses was laying up treasure in heaven. \\For he looked unto the\\
 \\recompense of reward\\ (\\apeblepen gar eis tn misthapodosian\\). In
 perfect active of \\apoblep\\, "for he was looking away (kept on
 looking away)." For \\misthapodosia\\ see
 # 10:35

07055
 \\Not fearing\\ (\\m phobtheis\\). Negative \\m\\ with first aorist
 passive participle of \\phobe\\ here used transitively with the
 accusative as in
 # Mt 10:26
 Moses did flee from Egypt after slaying the Egyptian
 # Ex 2:15
 but the author omits that slaughter and ignores it as the
 dominant motive in the flight of Moses. \\Thumon\\ (wrath) is common
 in the N.T.
 # Lu 4:28
 though here only in Hebrews. \\He endured\\ (\\ekartersen\\). First
 aorist (constative) active indicative of \\kartere\\, old word from
 \\karteros\\, strong, here only in N.T. Moses had made his choice
 before slaying the Egyptian. He stuck to its resolutely. \\As\\
 \\seeing him who is invisible\\ (\\ton aoraton hs horn\\). This is the
 secret of his choice and of his loyalty to God and to God's
 people. This is the secret of loyalty in any minister today who
 is the interpreter of God to man
 # 2Co 4:16-18

07056
 \\He kept\\ (\\pepoiken\\). Perfect active indicative of \\poie\\, to make,
 "he has made," emphasizing the permanent nature of the feast. \\The\\
 \\sprinkling of the blood\\ (\\tn proschusin tou haimatos\\). Rather,
 "the pouring of the blood" (\\proschusis\\ from \\prosche\\, to pour
 upon), only here in the N.T. (earliest known example). An
 allusion to the command in
 # Ex 12:7,22
 but in the LXX \\prosche\\ is the usual term for the act
 # Ex 24:6; 29:16; Le 1:5,11; De 16:6
 \\That the destroyer of the first-born should not touch them\\ (\\hina\\
 \\m ho olothreun ta prtotoka thigi autn\\). Negative final
 clause with \\hina m\\ and the second aorist active subjunctive of
 \\thiggan\\, old verb to touch with genitive, in the N.T. only here,
 # 12:20; Col 2:21
 The articular participle \\ho olothreun\\ is from
 # Ex 11:23
 For \\prtotoka\\ see
 # Lu 2:7; Ex 12:29

07057
 \\Which assaying to do\\ (\\hs pieran labontes\\). Literally, "of which
 taking trial" (second aorist active participle of \\lamban\\, to
 take). The idiom \\peiran lambanein\\ occurs in
 # De 28:56
 in N.T. only here and verse
 # 36
 though a classical idiom (Demosthenes, etc.). \\Were swallowed up\\
 (\\katepothsan\\). First aorist passive indicative of \\katapin\\, to
 drink down, to swallow down
 # Mt 23:24

07058
 \\Fell down\\ (\\epesan\\). "Fell," second aorist active indicative of
 \\pipt\\ with first aorist endings as often in the _Koin_. \\After\\
 \\they had been compassed\\ (\\kuklthenta\\). First aorist passive
 participle of \\kuklo\\, old verb to encircle (from \\kuklos\\, circle)
 as in
 # Ac 14:20
 Antecedent action here.

07059
 \\Having received the spies with peace\\ (\\dexamen tous kataskopous\\
 \\met' eirns\\). First aorist middle participle of \\dechomai\\, to
 welcome
 # Lu 10:8,10
 \\Kataskopos\\ is an old compound (\\kataskope\\,
 # Ga 2:4
 used of scout or spy, in LXX, here only in N.T.

07060
 \\And what shall I more say?\\ (\\Kai ti eti leg;\\). Deliberative
 present active subjunctive (same form as indicative, \\leg\\). It is
 both a literary and an oratorical idiom here. He feels helpless
 to go on in the same style as he has done from Abel to Rahab
 # 11:4-31
 \\Will fail me if I tell about\\ (\\epileipsei me digoumenon peri\\).
 Literally, "will leave me telling about." Present middle
 participle of \\digeomai\\, to lead through, carry a discussion
 through, and masculine (disposing of Priscilla as possible
 author) with \\me\\. Vivid and picturesque description of the
 author's embarrassment of riches as he contemplates the long list
 of the heroes of faith during the long years in Palestine. He
 mentions six names (Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephtha, David,
 Samuel) and then summarizes the rest under "the prophets" (\\tn\\
 \\prophtn\\, the for-speakers for God) of whom Samuel was the
 leader.

07061
 \\Through faith\\ (\\dia pistes\\). Change thus from the routine \\pistei\\
 used so far. \\Subdued kingdoms\\ (\\katgnisanto basileias\\). First
 aorist middle indicative of \\katagnizomai\\, _Koin_ verb to
 struggle against, to overcome, here alone in the N.T. Used by
 Josephus of David's conquests. The author has here (verses
 # 33,34
 "nine terse clauses" (Moffatt) with no connective (asyndeton)
 with great rhetorical and oratorical force (sledge-hammer style).
 For "wrought righteousness" (\\rgasanto dikaiosunn\\, first aorist
 middle indicative of \\ergazomai\\) see
 # Ac 10:35
 \\Obtained promises\\ (\\epetuchon epaggelin\\). Second aorist active
 indicative of \\epitugchan\\, old verb (already in
 # 6:15
 with genitive. But they did not see the fulfilment of the
 Messianic promise
 # 11:39
 \\Stopped the mouths of lions\\ (\\ephraxan stomata leontn\\). First
 aorist active indicative of \\phrass\\, old verb to fence in, to
 block up. See
 # Da 6:18-23

07062
 \\Quenched the power of fire\\ (\\esbesan dunamin puros\\). First aorist
 active indicative of \\sbennumi\\
 # Mt 12:20
 See
 # Da 3:19-28
 \\Escaped the edge of the sword\\ (\\ephugon stomata machairs\\). Second
 aorist active indicative of \\pheug\\, old verb to flee. "Mouths
 (\\stomata\\) of the sword"
 # Lu 21:24
 See
 # 1Sa 18:11; 1Ki 19:2
 \\Were made strong\\ (\\edunamthsan\\). First aorist passive indicative
 of \\dunamo\\, late verb from \\dunamis\\ as in
 # Col 1:11
 \\Waxed mighty in war\\ (\\egenthsan ischuroi en polemi\\). "Became
 strong in battle"
 # Ps 18:34
 \\Armies of aliens\\ (\\parembolas allotrin\\). Late compound (\\para, en,\\
 \\ball\\) for encampment (Polybius, Plutarch), barracks
 # Ac 21:34,37
 armies in battle line
 # Re 20:9
 and here as in LXX and Polybius). Apparently a reference to the
 campaigns of Judas Maccabeus.

07063
 \\By a resurrection\\ (\\ex anastases\\). Cf.
 # 1Ki 17:17; 2Ki 4:8-37
 \\Were tortured\\ (\\etumpanisthsan\\). First aorist passive indicative
 of \\tumpaniz\\, late verb from \\tumpanon\\ (kettledrum, drumstick), to
 beat the drum, to beat to death (cf. II Macc. 7 about Eleazar and
 the Mother and the seven sons), once in LXX
 # 1Sa 21:13
 \\Not accepting their deliverance\\ (\\ou prosdexamenoi tn\\
 \\apolutrsin\\). Offered at the price of disloyalty as in II Macc.
 6:21-27. \\That they might obtain a better resurrection\\ (\\hina\\
 \\kreittonos anastases tuchsin\\). Purpose clause with \\hina\\ and the
 second aorist active subjunctive of \\tugchan\\ to obtain with the
 genitive case. A "better resurrection" than the temporary ones
 alluded to in this verse by the women.

07064
 \\Of mockings and scourgings\\ (\\empaigmn kai mastign\\). \\Empaigmos\\ is
 from \\empaiz\\
 # Mt 20:19
 late word, in LXX, here alone in N.T. \\Mastign\\ (\\mastix\\, a whip, a
 scourge) is old and common enough
 # Ac 22:24

07065
 \\They were stoned\\ (\\elithasthsan\\). Like Zechariah son of Jehoiada
 # 2Ch 24:20
 "A characteristic Jewish punishment" (Vincent). First aorist
 passive indicative of \\lithaz\\
 # Joh 10:31
 \\They were sawn asunder\\ (\\epristhsan\\). First aorist passive
 indicative of \\pri\\ or \\priz\\, old verb (\\prion\\, a saw). Cruel
 Jewish punishment
 # Am 1:3
 said to have been inflicted on Isaiah. \\They were tempted\\
 (\\epeirasthsan\\). First aorist passive indicative of \\peiraz\\. The
 MSS. vary greatly in the text here and the order of these two
 items. This mild word seems an anticlimax after \\epristhsan\\. One
 of the seven brothers was fried (II Macc. 7:4) and so
 \\eprsthesan\\ (were burned) from \\pimpra\\
 # Ac 28:6
 has been suggested. \\With the sword\\ (\\en phoni machairs\\). "In
 (by) slaughter of the sword" (Ionic form of the genitive
 \\machaires\\ as in
 # Ex 17:13; Nu 21:24
 The fate of unpopular prophets
 # 1Ki 10:10; Jer 26:23
 \\They went about\\ (\\perilthon\\). Constative aorist active indicative
 of \\perierchomai\\ (picturesque compound verb). Here the sufferings
 of the living. \\In sheep skins\\ (\\en mltais\\). Late word from
 \\mlon\\ (sheep), rough garment of prophets as Elijah
 # 1Ki 19:13,19
 here only in N.T. In Byzantine Greek a monk's garb. \\In goatskins\\
 (\\en aigeiois dermasin\\). \\Derma\\, old word from \\der\\, to flay
 # Mt 21:35
 here only in N.T. \\Aigeios\\, old adjective (from \\aix\\, goat), here
 only in N.T. \\Being destitute\\ (\\husteroumenoi\\). Present passive
 participle of \\hustere\\, old verb to be left behind, used by Paul
 of himself
 # 2Co 11:9
 \\Afflicted\\ (\\thlibomenoi\\). Present passive participle of \\thlib\\,
 common verb to oppress. \\Evil entreated\\ (\\kakouchoumenoi\\). Present
 passive participle of \\kakouche\\, late compound verb from obsolete
 \\kakouchos\\ (\\kakos\\ and \\ech\\), in LXX
 # 1Ki 2:26
 in N.T. only here and
 # 13:3
 See \\sunkakoucheisthai\\ in
 # 11:25

07066
 \\Of whom the world was not worthy\\ (\\hn ouk n axios ho kosmos\\)
 Graphic picture in a short parenthetical relative clause (\\hn\\,
 genitive plural with \\axios\\), a phrase to stir the blood of the
 readers. \\Wandering\\ (\\planmenoi\\). Present middle participle of
 \\plana\\, like lost sheep, hunted by wolves. \\Caves\\ (\\splaiois\\). Old
 word from \\speos\\ (cavern) as in
 # Mt 21:13
 \\Holes\\ (\\opais\\). Old word, perhaps from \\ops\\ (root of \\hora\\, to
 see), opening, in N.T. only here and
 # Jas 3:11
 Cf.
 # 1Ki 18:4
 II Macc. 5:27; 10:6 (about Judas Maccabeus and others).

07067
 \\These all\\ (\\houtoi pantes\\). The whole list in verses
 # 5-38
 Cf. verse
 # 13
 \\Through their faith\\ (\\dia pistes\\). Here rather than \\pistei\\ as so
 often. \\Received not the promise\\ (\\ouk ekomisanto tn epaggelian\\).
 First aorist middle of \\komiz\\. The Messianic promise they did not
 live to see
 # 11:13
 though they had individual special promises fulfilled as already
 shown
 # 11:33

07068
 \\God having provided\\ (\\tou theou problepsamenou\\). Genitive absolute
 with first aorist middle participle of \\problep\\, late compound to
 foresee, here only in the N.T. \\Some better thing\\ (\\kreitton ti\\).
 "Something better," "the better promises" of
 # 8:6
 \\That apart from us they should not be made perfect\\ (\\hina m\\
 \\chris hmn teleithsin\\). Negative purpose clause with \\hina m\\
 and the first aorist passive subjunctive of \\teleio\\. But this
 glorious and gracious purpose (foresight) of God is not due to
 any special merit in us. It is simply the fulness of the time in
 God's dispensation of grace of which we are the beneficiaries.
 But all the same and all the more (_noblesse oblige_), we should
 prove worthy of our heritage and of God's goodness to us and be
 loyal to Christ.

07069
 \\Therefore\\ (\\toigaroun\\). Triple compound inferential participle
 (\\toi, gar, oun\\) like the German _doch denn nun_, a conclusion of
 emphasis, old particle, in N.T. only here and
 # 1Th 4:8
 There should be no chapter division here, since
 # 12:1-3
 really is the climax in the whole argument about the better
 promises
 # 10:19-12:3
 with a passionate appeal for loyalty to Christ. \\Us also\\ (\\kai\\
 \\hmeis\\). We as well as "these all" of
 # 11:39
 and all the more because of the "something better" given us in
 the actual coming of Christ. \\Compassed about\\ (\\echontes\\
 \\perikeimenon\\). Literally, "having (\\echontes\\, present active
 participle of \\ech\\) lying around us" (\\perikeimenon\\, present
 middle participle of \\perikeimai\\, old verb as in
 # Lu 17:2
 \\Cloud of witnesses\\ (\\nephos marturn\\). Old word (Latin _nubes_),
 here only in the N.T., for vast mass of clouds. \\Nephel\\ is a
 single cloud. The metaphor refers to the great amphitheatre with
 the arena for the runners and the tiers upon tiers of seats
 rising up like a cloud. The \\martures\\ here are not mere spectators
 (\\theatai\\), but testifiers (witnesses) who testify from their own
 experience
 # 11:2,4,5,33,39
 to God's fulfilling his promises as shown in chapter
 # Heb 11
 \\Laying aside\\ (\\apothemenoi\\). Second aorist-middle (indirect, from
 ourselves) participle of \\apotithmi\\, old verb as in
 # Col 3:8
 (laying off old clothes). The runners ran in the stadium nearly
 naked. \\Every weight\\ (\\ogkon panta\\). Old word (kin to \\enegkein,\\
 \\pher\\) like \\phortos, baros\\. Here every encumbrance that handicaps
 like doubt, pride, sloth, anything. No trailing garment to hinder
 or trip one. \\The sin which doth so easily beset us\\ (\\tn\\
 \\euperistaton hamartian\\). "The easily besetting sin." There are a
 dozen possible renderings of this double compound verbal from \\eu\\,
 well, and \\periistmi\\, to place around or to stand around
 (intransitive). The Vulgate has _circumstans nos peccatum_ (the
 sin standing around us). Probably this is the true idea here,
 "the easily encompassing (or surrounding) sin." In this case
 apostasy from Christ was that sin. In our cases it may be some
 other sin. The verbal adjective reminds one of the ring of wild
 beasts in the jungle that encircle the camp-fire at night each
 ready to pounce upon a careless victim. \\Let us run\\ (\\trechmen\\).
 Present active volitive subjunctive of \\trech\\, "let us keep on
 running." \\With patience\\ (\\di' hupomons\\). Not with impatience,
 doubt, or despair. \\The race that is set before us\\ (\\ton\\
 \\prokeimenon hmin agna\\). Note the article and the present middle
 participle of \\prokeimai\\, old compound (already in
 # 6:18
 and also in
 # 12:2
 Dative case (\\hmin\\) of personal interest.

07070
 \\Looking unto\\ (\\aphorntes eis\\). Present active participle of
 \\aphora\\, old verb to look away, "looking away to Jesus." In N.T.
 only here and
 # Php 2:23
 Fix your eyes on Jesus, after a glance at "the cloud of
 witnesses," for he is the goal. Cf. Moses in
 # 11:26
 (\\apeblepen\\). \\The author\\ (\\ton archgon\\). See
 # 2:10
 for this word. "The pioneer of personal faith" (Moffatt).
 \\Perfecter\\ (\\teleitn\\). A word apparently coined by the writer
 from \\teleio\\ as it has been found nowhere else. Vulgate has
 _consummator_. \\For the joy\\ (\\anti ts charas\\). Answering to, in
 exchange for (verse
 # 16
 at the end of the race lay the joy "set before him" (\\prokeimens\\
 \\auti\\), while here was the Cross (\\stauron\\) at this end (the
 beginning of the race) which he endured (\\hupemeinen\\, aorist
 active indicative of \\hupomen\\), \\despising shame\\ (\\aischuns\\
 \\kataphronsas\\). The cross at his time brought only shame (most
 shameful of deaths, "yea, the death of the cross"
 # Php 2:8
 But Jesus despised that, in spite of the momentary shrinking from
 it, and did his Father's will by submitting to it. \\Hath sat down\\
 (\\kekathiken\\). Perfect active indicative of \\kathiz\\, and still is
 there
 # 1:3

07071
 \\Consider\\ (\\analogisasthe\\). First aorist middle imperative of
 \\analogizomai\\, old word to reckon up, to compare, to weigh, only
 here in the N.T. See \\katanosate\\ in
 # 3:1
 Understanding Jesus is the key to the whole problem, the cure for
 doubt and hesitation. \\Endured\\ (\\hupomemenkota\\). Perfect active
 participle of the same verb \\hupomen\\ used in verse
 # 2
 \\Gainsaying\\ (\\antilogian\\). Old word from \\antilogos\\ (from
 \\antileg\\), already in
 # 6:16; 7:7
 \\Of sinners\\ (\\hupo tn hamartln\\). "By sinners." \\Against\\
 \\themselves\\ (\\eis heautous\\). Against their better selves if a
 genuine reading. But \\eis heauton\\ (against himself), against
 Christ, is far more likely correct. \\That ye wax not weary\\ (\\hina\\
 \\m kamte\\). Negative final clause with \\hina m\\ and the second
 aorist active subjunctive of \\kamn\\, old verb to be weary as here
 or sick as in
 # Jas 5:15
 \\Fainting in your souls\\ (\\tais psuchais humn ekluomenoi\\). Present
 passive participle of \\eklu\\, old verb to loosen out, to set free,
 and in passive to be enfeebled, to be tired out (here in soul
 with locative case), as in verse
 # 5
 The rest of the Epistle drives home the argument.

07072
 \\Resisted\\ (\\antikatestte\\). Second aorist active indicative
 (intransitive) of the double compound \\antikathistmi\\, old verb to
 stand in opposition against in line of battle, intransitively to
 stand face to face (\\anti\\) against (\\kata\\), here only in the N.T.
 \\Unto blood\\ (\\mechris haimatos\\). "Up to blood." As was true of
 Jesus and many of the other heroes of faith in chapter
 # Heb 11
 \\Striving\\ (\\antagnizomenoi\\). Present middle participle of
 \\antagnizomai\\, old verb with the same figure in \\antikatestte\\.
 \\Against sin\\ (\\pros hamartian\\). Face to face with sin as in verse
 # 1

07073
 \\Ye have forgotten\\ (\\eklelsthe\\). Perfect middle indicative of
 \\eklanthan\\, to cause to forget, old verb, here only in the N.T.
 with genitive case as usual. \\Reasoneth with you\\ (\\humin\\
 \\dialegetai\\). Present middle indicative of \\dialegomai\\, old verb to
 ponder different (\\dia-\\) things, to converse, with dative. Cf.
 # Ac 19:8
 The quotation is from
 # Pr 3:11
 \\Regard not lightly\\ (\\m oligrei\\). Prohibition with \\m\\ and the
 present active imperative of \\oligre\\, old verb from \\oligros\\ and
 this from \\oligos\\ (little) and \\hra\\ (hour), old verb, here only in
 N.T. \\Chastening\\ (\\paideias\\). Old word from \\paideu\\, to train a
 child (\\pais\\), instruction
 # 2Ti 3:16
 which naturally includes correction and punishment as here. See
 also
 # Eph 6:4
 \\Nor faint\\ (\\mde ekluou\\). Prohibition with \\m\\ and present passive
 imperative of \\eklu\\ (see verse
 # 3

07074
 \\Scourgeth\\ (\\mastigoi\\). Present active indicative of \\mastigo\\, old
 verb from \\mastix\\ (whip). This is a hard lesson for God's children
 to learn and to understand. See
 # 5:7
 about Jesus.

07075
 \\That ye endure\\ (\\hupomenete\\). Present active indicative or present
 active imperative and so just "endure for chastening." \\Dealeth\\
 \\with you\\ (\\humin prospheretai\\). Present middle indicative of
 \\prospher\\, but this sense of bearing oneself towards one with the
 dative here only in the N.T., though often in the older Greek.
 \\What\\ (\\tis\\). Interrogative. \\Whom\\ (\\hon\\). Relative. Cf.
 # Mt 7:9

07076
 \\If ye are without chastening\\ (\\ei chris este paideias\\). Condition
 of first class, determined as fulfilled. Note position of \\este\\
 (are) between the preposition \\chris\\ and \\paideias\\ (ablative
 case). \\Have been made\\ (\\gegonasin\\). Perfect active indicative of
 \\ginomai\\. \\Partakers\\ (\\metochoi\\). Partners
 # 3:14
 \\Then\\ (\\ara\\). Accordingly, correspondingly. \\Bastards\\ (\\nothoi\\). Old
 word, here only in N.T. Illegitimate.

07077
 \\Furthermore\\ (\\eita\\). The next step in the argument
 # Mr 4:17
 \\We had\\ (\\eichomen\\). Imperfect indicative of customary action, "we
 used to have." \\To chasten us\\ (\\paideutas\\). Predicate accusative
 after \\eichomen\\, "as chasteners." Old word from \\paideu\\, as agent
 (\\-ts\\). Only once in LXX
 # Ho 5:2
 and twice in N.T. (here and
 # Ro 2:20
 \\We gave them reverence\\ (\\enetrepometha\\). Imperfect middle of old
 word \\entrep\\, to turn in or at. Here "we turned ourselves to" as
 in
 # Mt 21:37
 habitual attitude of reverence. \\Shall we be in subjection\\
 (\\hupotagsometha\\). Second future passive of \\hupotass\\. There is
 no \\de\\ here to correspond to \\men\\ in the first part of the verse.
 \\Unto the father of spirits\\ (\\ti patri tn pneumatn\\). Rather,
 "Unto the Father of our spirits" (note article \\ton\\). As God is.

07078
 \\They\\ (\\hoi men\\). Demonstrative \\hoi\\ in contrast (\\men\\). \\Chastened\\
 (\\epaideuon\\). Imperfect active, used to chasten. \\As seemed good to\\
 \\them\\ (\\kata to dokoun autois\\). "According to the thing seeming
 good to them." \\Dokoun\\ is present active neuter singular articular
 participle of \\doke\\. \\But he\\ (\\ho de\\). Demonstrative with \\de\\ vs.
 \\men\\. \\For our profit\\ (\\epi to sumpheron\\). Present active articular
 neuter singular participle of \\sumpher\\, to bear together as in
 # 1Co 12:7
 \\That we may be partakers\\ (\\eis to metalabein\\). Articular second
 aorist active infinitive of \\metalamban\\ with \\eis\\ for purpose,
 "for the partaking." \\Of his holiness\\ (\\ts hagiottos autou\\).
 Genitive with \\metalabein\\ (to share in). Rare word, in N.T. only
 here and
 # 2Co 1:12

07079
 \\For the present\\ (\\pros to paron\\). A classical phrase (Thucydides),
 \\pros\\ with the accusative neuter singular articular participle of
 \\pareimi\\, to be beside. \\Not joyous, but grievous\\ (\\ou charas, alla\\
 \\lups\\). Predicate ablative (springing from) or predicate genitive
 (marked by). Either makes sense, but note predicate ablative in
 # 2Co 4:7
 (\\kai tou theou kai m ex hmn\\). \\Peaceable fruit\\ (\\karpon\\
 \\eirnikon\\). Old adjective from \\eirn\\ (peace), in N.T. only here
 and
 # Jas 3:17
 Peaceable after the chastening is over. \\Exercised thereby\\ (\\di'\\
 \\auts gegumnasmenois\\). Perfect passive participle (dative case)
 of \\gumnaz\\, state of completion, picturing the discipline as a
 gymnasium like
 # 5:14; 1Ti 4:17

07080
 \\Wherefore\\ (\\dio\\). Because of the chastening. \\Lift up\\
 (\\anorthsate\\). First aorist active imperative of \\anortho\\, old
 compound (from \\ana, orthos\\) to make straight, in N.T. here and
 # Lu 13:13; Ac 15:16
 \\Hang down\\ (\\pareimenas\\). Perfect passive participle of \\parimi\\,
 old verb to let pass, to relax, in N.T. only here and
 # Lu 11:42
 \\Palsied\\ (\\paralelumena\\). Perfect passive participle of \\paralu\\,
 old verb to loosen on the side, to dissolve, to paralyze
 # Lu 5:18,24

07081
 \\Straight paths\\ (\\trochias orthas\\). Track of a wheel (\\trochos\\,
 # Jas 3:6
 from \\trech\\, to run), here only in N.T. "Straight (\\orthas\\) wheel
 tracks." \\Be not turned out of the way\\ (\\hina m ektrapi\\).
 Negative final clause with \\hina m\\ and second aorist passive of
 \\ektrep\\, old verb to turn out, to twist, to put out of joint. So
 # 1Ti 1:6
 Vivid picture of concern for the lame (\\chlon\\, as in
 # Mt 11:5
 Graphic picture of concern for the weak, a good argument for
 prohibition also.

07082
 \\Follow after peace\\ (\\eirnn dikete\\). Give peace a chase as if in
 a hunt. \\With all men\\ (\\meta pantn\\). Like Paul's use of \\dik\\ with
 \\eirnn\\ in
 # Ro 14:19
 and his to \\ex humn\\ (so far as proceeds from you) in
 # 12:18
 This lesson the whole world needs including Christians.
 \\Sanctification\\ (\\hagiasmon\\). Consecration as in
 # 1Th 4:7; Ro 6:19
 etc. \\Without which\\ (\\hou chris\\). Ablative case of the relative
 with \\chris\\ (post positive here). About seeing God compare
 # Mt 5:8
 where we have \\katharoi\\.

07083
 \\Looking carefully\\ (\\episkopountes\\). Present active participle of
 \\episkope\\, to have oversight, in N.T. only here and
 # 1Pe 5:2
 Cf. \\episcopos\\ (bishop). \\Lest there be any man\\ (\\m tis\\). Negative
 purpose clause with \\ei\\ (present active subjunctive) omitted.
 \\Falleth short of\\ (\\hustern apo\\). Present active participle of
 \\hustere\\ (see
 # 4:1
 agreeing with \\tis\\. Followed here by \\apo\\ and the ablative. \\Root of\\
 \\bitterness\\. (\\riza pikrias\\). Quoted from
 # De 29:18
 Vivid picture. \\Springing up\\ (\\an phuousa\\). Present active
 participle of \\phu\\, to sprout. Pictured here as a quick process.
 Also from
 # De 29:18
 \\Trouble\\ (\\enochli\\). Present active subjunctive (in final clause
 with \\m tis\\) of \\enochle\\, old verb to trouble with a crowd, to
 annoy. In N.T. only here and
 # Lu 6:18
 \\Be defiled\\ (\\mianthsin\\). First aorist passive subjunctive (in
 final clause with \\m\\) of \\mian\\, old verb to dye, to stain, to
 defile as in
 # Tit 1:15
 (the conscience). The contagion of sin is terrible as any
 disease.

07084
 \\Profane\\ (\\beblos\\). Trodden under foot, unhallowed
 # 1Ti 1:9
 \\For one mess of meat\\ (\\anti brses mias\\). Idea of exchange, "for
 one act of eating"
 # 1Co 8:4
 \\Sold\\ (\\apedeto\\). Second aorist middle indicative from
 # Ge 25:31,33
 and with irregular form for \\apedoto\\ (regular \\mi\\ form). \\His own\\
 \\birthright\\ (\\ta prtotokia heautou\\). From Genesis also and in
 Philo, only here in N.T. From \\prtotokos\\ (first born,
 # Heb 1:6

07085
 \\Ye know\\ (\\iste\\). Regular form for the second person of \\oida\\ rather
 than the _Koin_ \\oidate\\. \\He was rejected\\ (\\apedokimasth\\). First
 aorist passive indicative of \\apodokimaz\\, old verb to disapprove
 # Mt 21:42
 \\Place of repentance\\ (\\metanoias topon\\). \\Metanoia\\ is change of mind
 and purpose, not sorrow though he had tears (\\meta dakrun\\)
 afterwards as told in
 # Ge 27:38
 He sought it (\\autn\\, the blessing \\eulogian\\) with tears, but in
 vain. There was no change of mind in Isaac. The choice was
 irrevocable as Isaac shows
 # Ge 27:33
 Esau is a tragic example of one who does a wilful sin which
 allows no second chance
 # Heb 6:6; 10:26
 The author presses the case of Esau as a warning to the
 Christians who were tempted to give up Christ.

07086
 \\Ye are not come\\ (\\ou proselluthate\\). Perfect active indicative of
 \\proserchomai\\. There is no word here in the Greek for "a mount"
 like \\orei\\ in verses
 # 20,22
 (and
 # Ex 19:12; De 4:11
 but it is clearly understood since the dative participles agree
 with it unless they be taken as descriptive of \\puri\\ ("a palpable
 and kindled fire " when \\puri\\ would be the dative case after
 \\proselluthate\\). \\That might be touched\\ (\\pslaphmeni\\). Present
 passive participle (dative case) of \\pslapha\\, old verb to
 handle, to touch
 # Lu 24:39
 \\That burned with fire\\ (\\kekaumeni puri\\). Perfect passive
 participle of \\kai\\, old verb to burn, with instrumental case
 \\puri\\ (fire), unless the other view (above) is correct.

07087
 \\Unto blackness\\ (\\gnophi\\). Dative case of \\gnophos\\ (late form for
 earlier \\dnophos\\ and kin to \\nephos\\, cloud), here only in N.T.
 Quoted here from
 # Ex 10:22
 \\Darkness\\ (\\zophi\\). Old word, in Homer for the gloom of the world
 below. In the Symmachus Version of
 # Ex 10:22
 also in
 # Jude 1:6; 2Pe 2:4,15
 \\Tempest\\ (\\thuelli\\). Old word from \\thu\\ (to boil, to rage), a
 hurricane, here only in N.T. From
 # Ex 10:22
 \\The sound of a trumpet\\ (\\salpiggos chi\\). From
 # Ex 19:16
 \\Echos\\ is an old word (our \\echo\\) as in
 # Lu 21:25; Ac 2:2
 \\The voice of words\\ (\\phni rmatn\\). From
 # Ex 19:19; De 4:12
 \\Which voice\\ (\\hs\\). Relative referring to \\phn\\ (voice) just
 before, genitive case with \\akousantes\\ (heard, aorist active
 participle). \\Intreated\\ (\\paritsanto\\). First aorist middle
 (indirect) indicative of \\paraiteomai\\, old verb, to ask from
 alongside
 # Mr 15:6
 then to beg away from oneself, to depreciate as here, to decline
 # Ac 25:11
 to excuse
 # Lu 14:18
 to avoid
 # 1Ti 4:7
 \\That no word should be spoken unto them\\ (\\prostethnai autois\\
 \\logon\\). First aorist passive infinitive of \\prostithmi\\, old word
 to add, here with accusative of general reference (\\logon\\), "that
 no word be added unto them." Some MSS. have here a redundant
 negative \\m\\ with the infinitive because of the negative idea in
 \\paritsanto\\ as in
 # Ga 5:7

07088
 \\For they could not endure\\ (\\ouk epheron gar\\). Imperfect active of
 \\pher\\, "for they were not enduring (bearing)." \\That which was\\
 \\enjoined\\ (\\to diastellomenon\\). Present passive articular
 participle of \\diastell\\, old verb to distinguish, to dispose, to
 order. The quotation is from
 # Ex 19:12
 The people appealed to Moses
 # Ex 20:19
 and the leaders did so also
 # De 5:23
 both in terror. \\If even\\ (\\kan\\). "Even if." Condition of third
 class with second aorist active subjunctive of \\thiggan\\ as in
 # 11:28
 followed by genitive \\orous\\ (mountain). \\It shall be stoned\\
 (\\lithobolthsetai\\). From
 # Ex 19:13
 Late compound verb from \\lithobolos\\ (from \\lithos, ball\\) as in
 # Mt 21:35

07089
 \\Fearful\\ (\\phoberon\\). As in
 # 10:27,31
 only in Heb. in N.T. \\The appearance\\ (\\to phantazomenon\\). Present
 passive articular participle of \\phantaz\\, old verb from \\phain\\,
 to make visible, here only in N.T. "The manifestation." \\I\\
 \\exceedingly fear and quake\\ (\\ekphobos eimi kai entromos\\). "I am
 terrified (\\ekphobos\\, late compound like \\ekphobe\\, to frighten,
 # Mr 9:6
 and trembling" (\\entromos\\, late compound like \\entrem\\, to tremble
 at, as in
 # Ac 7:32; 16:29
 \\Ekphobos\\ is quoted from
 # De 9:19

07090
 \\But\\ (\\alla\\). Sharp contrast to verse
 # 18
 with same form \\proselluthate\\. \\Unto Mount Zion\\ (\\Sin orei\\).
 Dative case of \\oros\\, as with the other substantives. In contrast
 to Mount Sinai (verses
 # 18-21
 Paul has contrasted Mount Sinai (present Jerusalem) with the
 Jerusalem above (heaven) in
 # Ga 4:21-31
 \\City\\ (\\polei\\). As in
 # 11:10,16
 Heaven is termed thus a spiritual mountain and city. \\The heavenly\\
 \\Jerusalem\\ (\\Ierousalem epouranii\\). See
 # 11:10,16; Isa 60:14
 \\Innumerable hosts of angels\\ (\\muriasin aggeln\\). "Myriads of
 angels." \\Murias\\ is an old word (from \\murios\\,
 # 1Co 4:15
 as in
 # Lu 12:1

07091
 \\To the general assembly\\ (\\pangurei\\). Old word (from \\pas\\ and
 \\aguris, ageir\\). Here only in N.T. \\Panguriz\\ occurs in
 # Isa 66:10
 for keeping a festal holiday. Possibly to be connected with
 \\aggeln\\, though not certain. \\Church of the firstborn\\ (\\ekklsii\\
 \\prtotokn\\). Probably an additional item besides the angelic host
 as the people of Israel are called firstborn
 # Ex 4:22
 The word \\ekklsia\\ here has the general sense of all the redeemed,
 as in
 # Mt 16:18; Col 1:18; Eph 5:24-32
 and equivalent to the kingdom of God. \\Who are enrolled in heaven\\
 (\\apogegrammenn en ouranois\\). Perfect passive participle of
 \\apograph\\, old verb to write off, to copy, to enroll as in
 # Lu 2:1,3,5
 (only N.T. examples). Enrolled as citizens of heaven even while
 on earth
 # Lu 10:20; Php 1:27; 3:20; 4:3; Re 13:8
 etc.). \\To God the Judge of all\\ (\\kriti thei pantn\\). All these
 chief substantives in the dative case. People should not forget
 that God is the Judge of all men. \\Made perfect\\ (\\teteleimenn\\).
 Perfect passive participle of \\teleio\\, perfected at last
 # 11:40

07092
 \\To Jesus\\ (\\Isou\\). This great fact is not to be overlooked
 # Php 2:10
 He is there as Lord and Saviour and still "Jesus." \\The mediator\\
 \\of a new covenant\\ (\\diathks neas mesiti\\). As already shown
 # 7:22; 8:6,8,9,10; 9:15
 and now gloriously consummated. \\To the blood of sprinkling\\
 (\\haimati rantismou\\). As in
 # 9:19-28
 \\Than Abel\\ (\\para ton Abel\\). Accusative as in
 # 1:4
 \\Better\\ (\\kreitton\\). Comparative of \\kalos\\. Abel's blood still
 speaks
 # 11:4
 but it is as nothing compared to that of Jesus.

07093
 \\See\\ (\\blepete\\). Earnest word as in
 # 3:12
 Driving home the whole argument of the Epistle by this powerful
 contrast between Mount Zion and Mount Sinai. The consequences are
 dreadful to apostates now, for Zion has greater terrors than
 Sinai, great as those were. \\That ye refuse not\\ (\\m\\
 \\paraitssthe\\). Negative purpose with \\m\\ and the first aorist
 middle subjunctive of \\paraiteomai\\, the same verb used in verse
 # 19
 about the conduct of the Israelites at Sinai and also below. \\Him\\
 \\that speaketh\\ (\\ton lalounta\\). Present active articular participle
 of \\lale\\ as in verse
 # 24
 (Jesus speaking by his blood). \\For if they did not escape\\ (\\ei gar\\
 \\ekeinoi ouk exephugon\\). Condition of first class with \\ei\\ and
 second aorist active indicative of \\ekpheug\\, to escape. Direct
 reference to Sinai with use of the same verb again
 (\\paraitsamenoi\\, when they refused). \\Him that warned\\ (\\ton\\
 \\chrmatizonta\\). That is Moses. For \\chrmatiz\\ see
 # 8:5; 11:7
 \\Much more we\\ (\\polu mallon hmeis\\). Argument from the less to the
 greater, \\polu\\, adverbial accusative case. The verb has to be
 supplied from the condition, "We shall not escape." Our chance to
 escape is far less, "we who turn away (\\apostrephomenoi\\, middle
 participle, turn ourselves away from) the one from heaven (\\ton\\
 \\ap' ourann\\)," God speaking through his Son
 # 1:2

07094
 \\Then shook\\ (\\esaleusen tote\\). Old verb as in
 # Mt 11:7
 \\He hath promised\\ (\\epggeltai\\). Perfect middle indicative of
 \\epaggell\\ and it still holds. He quotes
 # Hag 2:6
 \\Will I make to tremble\\ (\\seis\\). Old and strong verb (here future
 active) \\sei\\, to agitate, to cause to tremble as in
 # Mt 21:10
 The author applies this "yet once more" (\\eti hapax\\) and the
 reference to heaven (\\ton ouranon\\) to the second and final
 "shaking" at the Second Coming of Jesus Christ for judgement
 # 9:28

07095
 \\And this word\\ (\\to de\\). He uses the article to point out "\\eti\\
 \\hapax\\" which he explains (\\dloi\\, signifies, present active
 indicative of \\dlo\\). \\The removing\\ (\\tn metathesin\\). For this
 word see
 # 7:12; 11:5
 For the transitory nature of the world see
 # 1Co 7:31; 1Jo 2:17
 "There is a divine purpose in the cosmic catastrophe" (Moffatt).
 \\Made\\ (\\pepoimenn\\). Perfect passive participle of \\poie\\. Made by
 God, but made to pass away. \\That those things which are not\\
 \\shaken may remain\\ (\\hina meini ta m saleuomena\\). Final clause
 with \\m\\ and the first aorist active subjunctive of \\men\\. The
 Kingdom of God is not shaken, fearful as some saints are about
 it.

07096
 \\Wherefore\\ (\\dio\\). Ground for loyalty to Christ and for calm trust
 in God. \\That cannot be shaken\\ (\\asaleuton\\). Old compound with
 alpha privative and the verbal adjective from \\saleu\\ just used.
 In N.T. only here and
 # Ac 27:41
 \\Let us have grace\\ (\\echmen charin\\). Present active volitive
 subjunctive of \\ech\\, "Let us keep on having grace" as in
 # 4:16
 though it can mean "Let us keep on having gratitude" as in
 # Lu 17:9
 \\Whereby\\ (\\di' hs\\). That is \\dia charitos\\. \\We may offer service\\
 (\\latreumen\\). This subjunctive in a relative clause can be
 volitive like \\echmen\\ just before (cf. imperative \\stte\\ in
 # 1Pe 5:12
 or it might be the futuristic subjunctive as in
 # 8:3
 (\\ho prosenegki\\). \\Well pleasing\\ (\\euarests\\). Old compound adverb,
 here only in N.T. \\With reverence and awe\\ (\\meta eulabeias kai\\
 \\deous\\). For \\eulabeia\\ see
 # 5:7; 11:7
 \\Deos\\ is apprehension of danger as in a forest. "When the voice
 and tread of a wild beast are distinctly heard close at hand the
 \\deos\\ becomes \\phobos\\" (Vincent).

07097
 \\A consuming fire\\ (\\pur katanaliskon\\). From
 # De 4:24
 Present active participle of \\katanalisk\\, old compound verb, here
 only in the N.T. This verse is to be coupled with
 # 10:31

07098
 \\Brotherly love\\ (\\philadelphia\\). Late word from \\philadelphos\\
 # 1Pe 3:8
 See
 # 1Th 4:9
 It is always in order in a church. \\To show love unto strangers\\
 (\\ts philoxenias\\). Old word for hospitality, from \\philoxenos\\
 # 1Ti 3:2
 in N.T. only here and
 # Ro 12:3
 In genitive case with \\epilanthanesthe\\ (present middle imperative,
 cf.
 # Heb 6:10
 \\Have entertained angels unawares\\ (\\elathon xenisantes aggelous\\).
 Second aorist active indicative of \\lanthan\\, old verb to escape
 notice and first aorist active participle of \\xeniz\\, old verb to
 entertain a guest (\\xenos\\, stranger), according to a classic idiom
 seen with \\lanthan, tugchan, phthan\\, by which the chief idea is
 expressed by the participle (supplementary participle), here
 meaning, "some escaped notice when entertaining angels." The
 reference is to
 # Ge 18; 19
 (Abraham and Sarah did this very thing).

07099
 \\As bound with them\\ (\\hs sundedemenoi\\). Perfect passive participle
 of \\sunde\\, old verb, here only in N.T. For sympathy with
 prisoners see
 # 10:34
 \\As being yourselves also in the body\\ (\\hs kai autoi ontes en\\
 \\smati\\). And so subject to evil treatment. See
 # 11:37
 for \\kakouche\\ and
 # 11:25
 for \\sunkakouche\\.
