06750
 \\God who cannot lie\\ (\\ho apseuds theos\\). "The non-lying God." Old
 adjective (\\a\\ privative and \\pseuds\\), here only in N.T. See
 # 2Ti 2:13
 In Polycarp's last prayer. \\Promised\\ (\\epggeilato\\). First aorist
 middle indicative of \\epaggell\\. Antithesis in \\ephanersen de\\
 (manifested) in verse
 # 3
 (first aorist active indicative of \\phanero\\). Same contrast in
 # Ro 16:25; Col 1:26
 \\Before times eternal\\ (\\pro chronn ainn\\). Not to God's purpose
 before time began
 # Eph 1:4; 2Ti 1:9
 but to definite promises
 # Ro 9:4
 made in time (Lock). "Long ages ago." See
 # Ro 16:25

06751
 \\In his own seasons\\ (\\kairois idiois\\). Locative case. See
 # 1Ti 2:6; 6:15
 \\In the message\\ (\\en krugmati\\). See
 # 1Co 1:21; 2:4
 for this word, the human proclamation (preaching) of God's word.
 \\Wherewith I was intrusted\\ (\\ho episteuthn\\). Accusative relative
 \\ho\\ retained with the first aorist passive indicative of \\pisteu\\
 as in
 # 1Ti 1:11
 See
 # 1Ti 2:7
 \\Of God our Saviour\\ (\\tou stros hmn theou\\). In verse
 # 4
 he applies the words "\\tou stros hmn\\" to Christ. In
 # 2:13
 he applies both \\theou\\ and \\stros\\ to Christ.

06752
 \\My true child\\ (\\gnsii tekni\\). See
 # 1Ti 1:2
 for this adjective with Timothy. Titus is not mentioned in Acts,
 possibly because he is Luke's brother. But one can get a clear
 picture of him by turning to
 # 2Co 2:13; 7:6-15; 8:6-24; 12:16-18; Ga 2:1-3
 # Tit 1:4; 3:12; 2Ti 4:10
 He had succeeded in Corinth where Timothy had failed. Paul had
 left him in Crete as superintendent of the work there. Now he
 writes him from Nicopolis
 # Tit 3:12
 \\After a common faith\\ (\\kata koinn pistin\\). Here \\kata\\ does mean
 standard, not aim, but it is a faith (\\pistin\\) common to a Gentile
 (a Greek) like Titus as well as to a Jew like Paul and so common
 to all races and classes
 # Jude 1:3
 \\Koinos\\ does not here have the notion of unclean as in
 # Ac 10:14; 11:8

06753
 \\For this cause\\ (\\toutou charin\\). In N.T. only here and
 # Eph 3:1,14
 Paul may be supplementing oral instruction as in Timothy's case
 and may even be replying to a letter from Titus (Zahn). \\Left I\\
 \\thee in Crete\\ (\\apeleipon se en Krti\\). This is the imperfect
 active of \\apoleip\\, though MSS. give the aorist active also
 (\\apelipon\\) and some read \\kateleipon\\ or \\katelipon\\. Both are
 common verbs, though Paul uses \\kataleip\\ only in
 # 1Th 3:1
 except two quotations
 # Ro 11:4; Eph 5:31
 and \\apoleip\\ only here and
 # 2Ti 4:13,20
 Perhaps \\apoleip\\ suggests a more temporary stay than \\kataleip\\.
 Paul had apparently stopped in Crete on his return from Spain
 about A.D. 65. \\That thou shouldest set in order\\ (\\hina\\
 \\epidiorthsi\\). Late and rare double compound (inscriptions, here
 only in N.T.), first aorist middle subjunctive (final clause with
 \\hina\\) of \\epidiortho\\, to set straight (\\ortho\\) thoroughly
 (\\dia\\) in addition (\\epi\\), a clean job of it. \\The things that were\\
 \\wanting\\ (\\ta leiponta\\). "The things that remain." See
 # 3:13; Lu 18:22
 Either things left undone or things that survive. In both senses
 the new pastor faces problems after the tornado has passed. Parry
 takes it "of present defects" in Cretan character. \\And appoint\\
 (\\kai katastsis\\). Final clause still and first aorist active
 subjunctive of \\kathistmi\\, the word used in
 # Ac 6:13
 about the deacons. The word does not preclude the choice by the
 churches (in every city, \\kata polin\\, distributive use of \\kata\\).
 This is a chief point in the \\epidorthsis\\ (White). \\Elders\\
 (\\presbuterous\\). See
 # 1Ti 3:2; 4:17
 \\As I gave thee charge\\ (\\hs eg soi dietaxamn\\). First aorist
 (constative) middle imperative of \\diatass\\, clear reference to
 previous personal details given to Titus on previous occasions.

06754
 \\Blameless\\ (\\anegkltos\\). In a condition of first class. Used in
 # 1Ti 3:10
 of deacons which see. \\That believe\\ (\\pista\\). Added to what is in
 # 1Ti 3:4
 "Believing children." \\Not accused of riot\\ (\\m en katgorii\\
 \\astias\\). See
 # 1Ti 5:19
 for \\katgoria\\ and
 # Eph 5:18
 for \\astia\\. "Not in accusation of profligacy." \\Unruly\\
 (\\anupotakta\\). See
 # 1Ti 1:9
 Public disorder, out of doors. See also verse
 # 10

06755
 \\The bishop\\ (\\ton episkopon\\). Same office as "elder" in
 # 1:5
 "Elder is the title, oversight is the function" (B. Weiss). \\As\\
 \\God's steward\\ (\\hs theou oikonomon\\). See
 # 1Co 4:1
 for Paul's idea of the bishop (elder) as God's steward (cf.
 # 1Co 9:17; Col 1:25; Eph 3:2; 1Ti 1:4
 \\Not self-willed\\ (\\m authad\\). Old word (from \\autos, hdomai\\),
 self-pleasing, arrogant. In N.T. only here and
 # 2Pe 2:10
 \\Not soon angry\\ (\\orgilon\\). Old adjective from \\org\\ (anger). Here
 only in N.T. Vulgate, _iracundum_. For "brawler" and "striker"
 see
 # 1Ti 3:2
 \\Not greedy of filthy lucre\\ (\\aischrokerd\\). "Not greedy of
 shameful gain." Used of deacons in
 # 1Ti 3:8
 \\aphilarguron\\ used of elders in
 # 1Ti 3:3

06756
 \\A lover of good\\ (\\philagathon\\). Late double compound (\\philos,\\
 \\agathos\\). See Wisdom 7:22. Here only in N.T. Just (\\dikaion\\), holy
 (\\hosion\\) not in
 # 1Ti 3
 \\Temperate\\ (\\egkrat\\). Old and common adjective (\\en, kratos\\,
 strength), having power over, controlling, here only in N.T.
 Picture of self-control.

06757
 \\Holding to\\ (\\antechomenon\\). Present middle participle of \\antech\\,
 old verb, to hold back, in middle to hold oneself face to face
 with, to cling to, as in
 # 1Th 5:14
 \\The faithful word\\ (\\tou pistou logou\\). See
 # 1Ti 1:15; 6:3; Ro 16:17
 Some would see a reference here to Christ as the Personal Logos.
 \\That he may be able\\ (\\hina dunatos i\\). Final clause with present
 active subjunctive. Paul several times uses \\dunatos eimi\\ in the
 sense of \\dunamai\\, with infinitive as here
 # Ro 4:21; 11:23; 2Ti 1:12
 \\The gainsayers\\ (\\tous antilegontas\\). Present active participle of
 \\antileg\\, old word, to answer back, as in
 # Ro 10:21
 "The talkers back."

06758
 \\Vain talkers\\ (\\mataiologoi\\). Late and rare compound, empty
 talkers, in Vett. Val. and here. See
 # 1Ti 1:6
 for \\mataiologia\\. \\Deceivers\\ (\\phrenapatai\\). Late and rare compound,
 in papyri, eccl. writers, here alone in N.T. "Mind-deceivers."
 See
 # Ga 6:3
 for \\phrenapatin\\. \\Specially they of the circumcision\\ (\\malista hoi\\
 \\ek ts peritoms\\). Same phrase in
 # Ac 11:2; Ga 2:12; Col 4:11
 Jews are mentioned in Crete in
 # Ac 2:11
 Apparently Jewish Christians of the Pharisaic type tinged with
 Gnosticism.

06759
 \\Whose mouths must be stopped\\ (\\hous dei epistomizein\\). Literally,
 "whom it is necessary to silence by stopping the mouth." Present
 active infinitive \\epistomizein\\, old and common verb (\\epi\\,
 \\stoma\\, mouth), here only in N.T. To stop the mouth either with
 bridle or muzzle or gag. \\Overthrow\\ (\\anatrepousin\\). Old and common
 verb, to turn up, to overturn. In N.T. only here and
 # 2Ti 2:18
 In papyri to upset a family by perversion of one member. \\Things\\
 \\which they ought not\\ (\\ha m dei\\). Note subjective negative \\m\\
 with indefinite relative and indicative mode. \\For filthy lucre's\\
 \\sake\\ (\\aischrou kerdous charin\\). The Cretans are given a bad
 reputation for itinerating prophets for profit by Polybius, Livy,
 Plutarch. Paul's warnings in
 # 1Ti 3:3,8; 6:5
 reveal it as "a besetting temptation of the professional teacher"
 (Parry). See verse
 # 7
 above. Disgraceful gain, made in shameful ways.

06760
 \\A prophet of their own\\ (\\idios autn prophts\\). "Their own
 prophet." Self-styled "prophet" (or poet), and so accepted by the
 Cretans and by Cicero and Apuleius, that is Epimenides who was
 born in Crete at Cnossos. It is a hexameter line and Callimachus
 quoted the first part of it in a Hymn to Zeus. It is said that
 Epimenides suggested to the Athenians the erection of statues to
 "unknown gods"
 # Ac 17:23
 \\Liars\\ (\\pseustai\\). See
 # 1Ti 1:10
 for the word. The Cretans had a bad reputation on this line,
 partly due to their claim to having the tomb of Zeus. \\Evil\\
 \\beasts\\ (\\kaka thria\\). "Wicked wild beasts." Lock asks if the
 Minotaur was partly responsible. \\Idle gluttons\\ (\\gasteres argai\\).
 "Idle bellies." Blunt and forceful. See
 # Php 3:19
 "whose god is the belly" (\\h koilia\\). Both words give the picture
 of the sensual gormandizer.

06761
 \\Testimony\\ (\\marturia\\). Of the poet Epimenides. Paul endorses it
 from his recent knowledge. \\Sharply\\ (\\apotoms\\). Old adverb from
 \\apotomos\\ (from \\apotemn\\, to cut off), in N.T. only here and
 # 2Co 13:10
 "curtly," "abruptly." It is necessary to appear rude sometimes
 for safety, if the house is on fire and life is in danger. \\That\\
 \\they may be sound\\ (\\hina hugiainsin\\). Final clause with \\hina\\ and
 present active subjunctive of \\hugiain\\, for which verb
 See note on "1Ti 1:10"

06762
 See
 # 1Ti 1:4
 for \\prosech\\ and \\muthois\\, only here we have _Jewish_
 (\\Ioudaikois\\) added. Perhaps a reference to the oral traditions
 condemned by Christ in
 # Mr 7:2-8
 See also
 # Col 2:22
 apparently Pharisaic type of Gnostics. \\Who turn away from the\\
 \\truth\\ (\\apostrephomenn\\). Present middle (direct) participle of
 \\apostreph\\, "men turning themselves away from the truth"
 (accusative according to regular idiom). "The truth"
 # 1Ti 4:3
 is the gospel
 # Eph 4:21

06763
 \\To them that are defiled\\ (\\tois memiammenois\\). Perfect passive
 articular participle of \\miain\\, old verb, to dye with another
 colour, to stain, in N.T. only here,
 # Jude 1:8; Heb 12:15
 See \\memiantai\\ (perf. pass. indic.) in this verse. \\Molun\\
 # 1Co 8:7
 is to smear. \\Unbelieving\\ (\\apistois\\). As in
 # 1Co 7:12; 1Ti 5:8
 The principle or proverb just quoted appears also in
 # 1Co 6:12; 10:23; Ro 14:20
 For the defilement of mind (\\nous\\) and conscience (\\suneidsis\\) in
 both Gentile and Jew by sin, see
 # Ro 1:18-2:29

06764
 \\They profess\\ (\\homologousin\\). Present active indicative of
 \\homologe\\, common verb (\\homou, leg\\) as in
 # Ro 10:10
 \\Eidenai\\ (know) is second perfect active infinitive of \\oida\\ in
 indirect assertion. \\By their works\\ (\\tois ergois\\). Instrumental
 case. \\They deny\\ (\\arnountai\\). Present middle of \\arneomai\\, old
 verb, common in the Gospels and the Pastoral Epistles
 # 1Ti 5:8; Tit 2:12; 2Ti 2:12
 \\Abominable\\ (\\bdeluktoi\\). Verbal adjective from \\bdelussomai\\. Only
 in LXX and here. \\Disobedient\\ (\\apeitheis\\). See
 # Ro 1:30
 \\Reprobate\\ (\\adokimoi\\).
 See note on "1Co 9:27"
 See note on "Ro 1:28"

06765
 \\But speak thou\\ (\\su de lalei\\). In contrast to these Pharisaic
 Gnostics in Crete. \\Befit\\ (\\prepei\\). Old verb to be becoming,
 seemly. See
 # 1Ti 2:10; Eph 5:3
 With dative case \\didaskalii\\. \\Sound\\ (\\hugiainousi\\). Healthful as
 in
 # 1:13; 2:2; 1Ti 1:10
 common word in the Pastorals.

06766
 \\Aged men\\ (\\presbutas\\). See
 # Phm 1:9
 for this word. For discussion of family life see also
 # Co 3:18-4:1; Eph 5:22-6:9; 1Ti 5:1-6:2
 For the adjectives here see
 # 1Ti 3:2,8
 for the substantives see
 # 1Ti 6:11

06767
 \\Aged women\\ (\\presbutidas\\). Old word, feminine of \\presbuts\\, only
 here in N.T. See \\presbuteras\\ in
 # 1Ti 5:2
 \\Reverent\\ (\\hieroprepeis\\). Old word (\\heiros, prepei\\). Only here in
 N.T. Same idea in
 # 1Ti 2:10
 Like people engaged in sacred duties (Lock). \\In demeanour\\ (\\en\\
 \\katastmati\\). Late and rare word (inscriptions) from \\kathistmi\\,
 deportment, only here in N.T. \\Not slanderers\\ (\\m diabolous\\). See
 # 1Ti 3:11; 2Ti 3:3
 \\Nor enslaved to much wine\\ (\\mde oini polli dedoulmenas\\).
 Perfect passive participle of \\doulo\\, with dative case \\oini\\. See
 # 1Ti 3:8
 "It is proved by experience that the reclamation of a woman
 drunkard is almost impossible" (White). But God can do the
 "impossible." \\Teachers of that which is good\\ (\\kalodidaskalous\\).
 Compound word found here alone, _bona docentes_ (teaching good
 and beautiful things). A sorely needed mission.

06768
 \\That they may train\\ (\\hina sphronizsin\\). Purpose clause, \\hina\\
 and present active subjunctive of \\sphroniz\\, old verb (from
 \\sphrn\\, sound in mind, \\saos, phrn\\, as in this verse), to make
 sane, to restore to one's senses, to discipline, only here in
 N.T. \\To love their husbands\\ (\\philandrous einai\\). Predicate
 accusative with \\einai\\ of old adjective \\philandros\\ (\\philos,\\
 \\anr\\, fond of one's husband), only here in N.T. \\Anr\\ means man,
 of course, as well as husband, but only husband here, not "fond
 of men" (other men than their own). \\To love their children\\
 (\\philoteknous\\). Another old compound, here only in N.T. This
 exhortation is still needed where some married women prefer
 poodle-dogs to children.

06769
 \\Workers at home\\ (\\oikourgous\\). So the oldest MSS. (from \\oikos,\\
 \\ergou\\) instead of \\oikourous\\, keepers at home (from \\koiso, ouros\\,
 keeper). Rare word, found in Soranus, a medical writer, Field
 says. Cf.
 # 1Ti 5:13
 "Keepers at home" are usually "workers at home." \\Kind\\ (\\agathas\\).
 See
 # Ro 5:7
 See
 # Col 3:18; Eph 5:22
 for the same use of \\hupotassomai\\, to be in subjection. Note
 \\idiois\\ (their own). See
 # 1Ti 6:1
 for the same negative purpose clause (\\hina m blasphmtai\\).

06770
 \\The younger men\\ (\\tous neterous\\). Just one item, besides
 "likewise" (\\hosauts\\ as in
 # 3; 1Ti 2,9
 "to be soberminded" (\\sphronein\\, old verb as in
 # Rom 12:3
 It is possible to take "in all things" (\\peri panta\\) with
 \\sphronein\\, though the editors take it with verse
 # 7

06771
 \\Shewing thyself\\ (\\seauton parechomenos\\). Present middle (redundant
 middle) participle of \\parech\\ with the reflexive pronoun \\seauton\\
 as if the active voice \\parechn\\. The _Koin_ shows an increasing
 number of such constructions (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 811). See
 active in
 # 1Ti 1:4
 \\An ensample\\ (\\tupon\\). For this word see
 # 2Th 3:9; Php 3:17
 \\Uncorruptness\\ (\\aphthorian\\). Only example, from late adjective
 \\aphthoros\\ (\\a\\ privative and \\phtheir\\).

06772
 \\Sound\\ (\\hugi\\, Attic usually \\hugi\\ in accusative singular),
 elsewhere in Pastorals participle \\hugiann\\ (verse
 # 1
 \\That cannot be condemned\\ (\\akatagnston\\). Only N.T. example
 (verbal, \\a\\ privative and \\katagnstos\\) and in IV Macc. 4:47.
 Deissmann (_Bible Studies_, p. 200) quotes it from an inscription
 and the adverb from a papyrus. \\He that is of the contrary part\\
 (\\ho ex enantias\\). "The one on the opposite side" (your opponent).
 Cf. verse
 # 9; 1Ti 5:14
 \\May be ashamed\\ (\\hina entrapi\\). Final clause with \\hina\\ and second
 aorist passive subjunctive of \\entrep\\, to turn, in middle and
 passive to turn one on himself and so be ashamed (to blush) as in
 # 2Th 3:14; 1Co 4:14
 This sense in the papyri. \\Evil\\ (\\phaulon\\). Old word, easy (easy
 morals), worthless; bad, as in
 # 2Co 5:10

06773
 \\Servants\\ (\\doulous\\). "Slaves." Supply "exhort" (\\parakalei\\). See
 # 1Ti 6:1
 for "masters" (\\despotais\\). \\Well-pleasing\\ (\\euarestous\\).
 See note on "2Co 5:9"
 \\Not gainsaying\\ (\\m antilegontas\\). "Not answer back." See
 # Ro 10:21

06774
 \\Not purloining\\ (\\m nosphizomenous\\). Present middle participle of
 \\nosphiz\\, old verb (from \\nosphi\\, apart), in middle to set apart
 for oneself, to embezzle, in N.T. only here and
 # Ac 5:2
 \\Fidelity\\ (\\pistin\\). See
 # Ga 5:22; 1Ti 5:12
 for \\pistis\\ in the sense of faithfulness. Nowhere else in the N.T.
 do we have \\agath\\ with \\pistis\\ as here, but an Oxyr. papyrus (iii.
 494, 9) has this very phrase (\\psan pistin endeiknumeni\\).
 Westcott and Hort put \\agapn\\ in the margin. See
 # 3:2
 \\That they may adorn\\ (\\hina kosmsin\\). Final clause with \\hina\\ and
 present active subjunctive. See
 # 1Ti 2:9
 for \\kosme\\. Paul shows slaves how they may "adorn" the teaching
 of God.

06775
 \\Hath appeared\\ (\\epephan\\). "Did appear," the first Epiphany (the
 Incarnation). Second aorist passive indicative of \\epiphain\\, old
 verb, in N.T. here,
 # 3:4; Lu 1:79; Ac 27:20
 \\Bringing salvation\\ (\\strios\\). Old adjective from \\str\\
 (Saviour), here alone in N.T. except \\to strion\\ (salvation, "the
 saving act") in
 # Lu 2:30; 3:6; Eph 6:17
 \\Instructing\\ (\\paideuousa\\). See
 # 1Ti 1:20
 \\Ungodliness\\ (\\asebeian\\). See
 # Ro 1:18
 \\Worldly lusts\\ (\\tas kosmikas epithumias\\). Aristotle and Plutarch
 use \\kosmikos\\ (from \\kosmos\\) about the universe as in
 # Heb 9:1
 about the earthly. Here it has alone in N.T. the sense of evil
 "in this present age" as with \\kosmos\\ in
 # 1Jo 2:16
 The three adverbs set off the opposite (soberly \\sphrons\\,
 righteously \\dikais\\, godly \\eusebs\\).

06776
06777
 \\Looking for\\ (\\prosdechomenoi\\). Present middle participle of
 \\prosdechomai\\, old verb, the one used of Simeon
 # Lu 2:25
 and others
 # Lu 2:38
 who were looking for the Messiah. \\The blessed hope and appearing\\
 \\of the glory\\ (\\tn makarian elpida kai epiphaneian ts doxs\\). The
 word \\epiphaneia\\ (used by the Greeks of the appearance of the
 gods, from \\epiphans, epiphain\\) occurs in
 # 2Ti 1:10
 of the Incarnation of Christ, the first Epiphany (like the verb
 \\epephan\\,
 # Tit 2:11
 but here of the second Epiphany of Christ or the second coming as
 in
 # 1Ti 6:14; 2Ti 4:1,8
 In
 # 2Th 2:8
 both \\epiphaneia\\ and \\parousia\\ (the usual word) occur together of
 the second coming. \\Of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ\\ (\\tou\\
 \\megalou theou kai stros Isou Christou\\). This is the necessary
 meaning of the one article with \\theou\\ and \\stros\\ just as in
 # 2Pe 1:1,11
 See Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 786. Westcott and Hort read \\Christou\\
 \\Isou\\.

06778
 \\Who gave himself for us\\ (\\hos edken heauton huper hmn\\). Paul's
 great doctrine
 # Ga 1:4; 2:20; 1Ti 2:6
 \\That he might redeem us\\ (\\hina lutrstai\\). Final clause, \\hina\\ and
 the aorist middle subjunctive of \\lutro\\, old verb from \\lutron\\
 (ransom), in N.T. only here,
 # Lu 24:21; 1Pe 1:18
 \\Purify to himself\\ (\\katharisi heauti\\). Final clause with first
 aorist active subjunctive of \\kathariz\\, for which verb see
 # Eph 5:26
 \\Lawlessness\\ (\\anomias\\). See
 # 2Th 2:3
 \\A people for his own possession\\ (\\laon periousion\\). A late word
 (from \\perieimi\\, to be over and above, in papyri as well as
 \\periousia\\), only in LXX and here, apparently made by the LXX,
 one's possession, and so God's chosen people. See
 # 1Pe 2:9
 (\\laos eis peripoisin\\). \\Zealous of good works\\ (\\zltn kaln\\
 \\ergn\\). "A zealot for good works." Substantive for which see
 # 1Co 14:12; Ga 1:14
 Objective genitive \\ergn\\.

06779
 \\With all authority\\ (\\meta pass epitags\\). See
 # 1Co 7:6; 2Co 8:8
 Assertion of authority is sometimes necessary. \\Let no man despise\\
 \\thee\\ (\\mdeis sou periphroneit\\). Present active imperative in
 prohibition of \\periphrone\\, old verb, only here in N.T., to think
 around (on all sides). Literally, "let no man think around thee"
 (and so despise thee). In
 # 1Ti 4:12
 it is \\kataphroneit\\ (think down on), a stronger word of scorn,
 but this one implies the possibility of one making mental circles
 around one and so "out-thinking" him. The best way for the modern
 minister to command respect for his "authority" is to do thinking
 that will deserve it.

06780
 \\To be in subjection to rulers, to authorities, to be obedient\\
 (\\archais exousiais hupotassesthai peitharchein\\). Remarkable
 double asyndeton, no \\kai\\ (and) between the two substantives or
 the two verbs. \\Peitharchein\\ (to obey), old verb (from \\peithomai,\\
 \\arch\\), in N.T. only here and
 # Ac 27:21
 \\To be ready unto every good work\\ (\\pros pan ergon agathon\\
 \\hetoimous einai\\). Pauline phrase
 # 2Co 9:8; 2Ti 2:21; 3:17
 here adjective \\hetoimos\\
 # 2Co 9:5
 there verb.

06781
 \\To speak evil\\ (\\blasphmein\\). See
 # Col 3:8; 1Ti 6:4
 \\Not to be contentious\\ (\\amachous einai\\). "To be non-fighters"
 # 1Ti 3:3
 originally "invincible." \\Gentle\\ (\\epieikeis\\). See
 # 1Ti 3:3
 \\Meekness\\ (\\prautta\\). \\Praotta\\. See
 # Col 3:12

06782
 \\Aforetime\\ (\\pote\\). "Once" in our unconverted state as in
 # Eph 2:3
 \\Foolish\\ (\\anotoi\\). See
 # Ro 1:14,21
 \\Disobedient\\ (\\apeitheis\\). See
 # Ro 1:30
 \\Deceived\\ (\\planmenoi\\). Present passive participle of \\plana\\
 though the middle is possible. \\Divers lusts\\ (\\hdonais poikilais\\).
 "Pleasures" (\\hdonais\\ from \\hdomai\\, old word, in N.T. only here,
 # Lu 8:14; Jas 4:1,3; 2Pe 2:13
 \\Poikilais\\ (old word) is many-coloured as in
 # Mr 1:34; Jas 1:2; 2Ti 3:6
 etc. \\Living\\ (\\diagontes\\). See
 # 1Ti 3:6
 (supply \\bion\\). \\In malice\\ (\\en kakii\\). See
 # Ro 1:29
 \\Envy\\ (\\phthoni\\). See
 # Ro 1:29
 \\Hateful\\ (\\stugtoi\\). Late passive verbal from \\stuge\\, to hate. In
 Philo, only here in N.T. \\Hating one another\\ (\\misountes alllous\\).
 Active sense and natural result of being "hateful."

06783
 \\The kindness\\ (\\h chrstots\\). See
 # Ro 2:4
 for this very word used of God as here. \\His love toward man\\ (\\h\\
 \\philanthrpia\\). "The philanthrophy of God our Saviour." Old word
 from \\philanthrpos\\, for love of mankind, in N.T. only here and
 # Ac 28:2
 \\Appeared\\ (\\epephan\\). See
 # 2:11
 and here as there the Incarnation of Christ. See
 # 1Ti 1:1
 for \\str\\ with \\theos\\ (God).

06784
 \\Done\\ (not in the Greek, only the article \\tn\\), "not as a result
 of works those in righteousness which we did." Same idea as in
 # Ro 3:20
 \\According to his mercy he saved us\\ (\\kata to autou eleos essen\\).
 See
 # Ps 109:26; 1Pe 1:3; Eph 2:4
 Effective aorist active indicative of \\sz\\. \\Through the washing\\
 \\of regeneration\\ (\\dia loutrou palingenesias\\). Late and common word
 with the Stoics (Dibelius) and in the Mystery-religions (Angus),
 also in the papyri and Philo. Only twice in the N.T.
 # Mt 19:28
 with which compare \\apokatastasia\\ in
 # Ac 3:21
 and here in personal sense of new birth). For \\loutron\\, see
 # Eph 5:26
 here as there the laver or the bath. Probably in both cases there
 is a reference to baptism, but, as in
 # Ro 6:3-6
 the immersion is the picture or the symbol of the new birth, not
 the means of securing it. \\And renewing of the Holy Spirit\\ (\\kai\\
 \\anakainses pneumatos hagiou\\). "And renewal by the Holy Spirit"
 (subjective genitive). For the late word \\anakainsis\\, see
 # Ro 12:2
 Here, as often, Paul has put the objective symbol before the
 reality. The Holy Spirit does the renewing, man submits to the
 baptism after the new birth to picture it forth to men.

06785
 \\Which\\ (\\hou\\). Genitive case by attraction from \\ho\\ (grammatical
 gender) to the case of \\pneumatos hagiou\\. We do not have
 grammatical gender (only natural) in English. Hence here we
 should say "whom," even if it does not go smoothly with \\execheen\\
 (he poured out, second aorist active indicative of \\ekche\\). The
 reference is to the great Pentecost
 # Ac 2:33
 as foretold by Joel
 # Joe 2:28
 \\Richly\\ (\\plousis\\). Then and to each one in his own experience.
 See
 # Ro 10:12; 1Ti 6:17

06786
 \\Being justified by his grace\\ (\\dikaithentes ti ekeinou chariti\\).
 First aorist passive participle of \\dikaio\\ and instrumental case
 of \\charis\\ as in
 # Ro 3:24; 5:1
 \\That we might be made heirs\\ (\\hina klronomoi genthmen\\). Purpose
 with \\hina\\ and first aorist passive of \\ginomai\\. See
 # Ro 4:13; 8:17

06787
 \\The saying\\ (\\ho logos\\). In verses
 # 4-7
 \\I will\\ (\\boulomai\\). See
 # 1Ti 2:8
 \\That thou affirm confidently\\ (\\se diabebaiousthai\\). Indirect
 command. For the verb see
 # 1Ti 1:7
 \\That they may be careful\\ (\\hina phrontizsin\\). Sub-final use of
 \\hina\\ with present active subjunctive of \\phrontiz\\, old verb, only
 here in N.T. \\To maintain good works\\ (\\kaln ergn prostasthai\\).
 Present middle infinitive of \\proistmi\\, intransitive use, to
 stand before, to take the lead in, to care for. Paul is anxious
 that "believers" may take the lead in good works.

06788
 \\Fightings about the law\\ (\\machas nomikas\\). "Legal battles." See
 # 1Ti 6:4; 2Ti 2:23
 Wordy fights about Mosaic and Pharisaic and Gnostic regulations.
 \\Shun\\ (\\periistaso\\). Present middle imperative of \\periistmi\\,
 intransitive, step around, stand aside
 # 2Ti 2:16
 Common in this sense in the literary _Koin_. \\Unprofitable\\
 (\\anpheleis\\). Old compound adjective (\\a\\ privative and
 \\ophelos\\), in N.T. only here and
 # Heb 7:18

06789
 \\Heretical\\ (\\hairetikon\\). Old adjective from \\hairesis\\
 (\\haireomai\\, to choose), a choosing of a party (sect,
 # Ac 5:17
 or of teaching
 # 2Pe 2:1
 Possibly a schism had been started here in Crete. \\Refuse\\
 (\\paraitou\\). Present middle imperative of \\paraite\\, to ask from,
 to beg off from. See same form in
 # 1Ti 4:7; 5:11
 Possibly an allusion here to Christ's directions in
 # Mt 18:15-17

06790
 \\Is perverted\\ (\\exestraptai\\). Perfect passive indicative of
 \\ekstreph\\, old word to turn inside out, to twist, to pervert.
 Only here in N.T. \\Self-condemned\\ (\\autokatakritos\\). Only known
 example of this double compound verbal adjective (\\autos, kata,\\
 \\krin\\).

06791
 \\When I shall send\\ (\\hotan pemps\\). Indefinite temporal clause with
 \\hotan\\ and the first aorist active subjunctive (or future
 indicative) of \\pemp\\ (same form). \\Artemas\\ (\\Artemn\\). Perhaps
 abbreviation of Artemidorus. Nothing more is known of him. \\Or\\
 \\Tychicus\\ (\\ Tuchikon\\). Paul's well-known disciple
 # Col 4:7; Eph 6:21; 2Ti 4:12
 \\To Nicopolis\\ (\\eis Nikopolin\\). Probably in Epirus, a good place
 for work in Dalmatia
 # 2Ti 4:10
 \\I have determined\\ (\\kekrika\\). Perfect active indicative. I have
 decided. \\To winter there\\ (\\ekei paracheimasai\\). First aorist
 active infinitive of \\paracheimaz\\, a literary _Koin_ word for
 which see
 # Ac 27:12; 1Co 16:6

06792
 \\Zenas the lawyer\\ (\\Znn ton nomikon\\). Possibly abbreviation of
 Zenodorus and may be one of the bearers of the Epistle with
 Apollos. Probably an expert in the Mosaic law as the word means
 in the Gospels. A converted Jewish lawyer. The Latin term is
 _jurisconsultum_ for \\nomikon\\. \\Apollos\\ (\\Apolln\\). Paul's friend
 # Ac 18:24-19:1; 1Co 1:12
 \\Set forward\\ (\\propempson\\). First aorist active imperative of
 \\propemp\\, old verb, to send on ahead
 # 1Co 16:6,11; Ro 15:24
 \\That nothing be wanting unto them\\ (\\hina mden autois leipi\\).
 Purpose with \\hina\\ and present (or second aorist \\lipi\\, some MSS.)
 subjunctive of \\leip\\, old verb to leave, to remain, to lack. With
 dative case here (\\autois\\).

06793
 \\Our people\\ (\\hoi hmeteroi\\). "Our folks." The Cretan converts, not
 just Paul's friends. \\Let learn\\ (\\manthanetsan\\). Present active
 imperative, keep on learning how. \\To maintain\\ (\\prostasthai\\). See
 verse
 # 8
 \\For necessary uses\\ (\\eis anagkaias chreias\\). "For necessary
 wants." No idlers wanted. See
 # 1Th 4:12; 2Th 3:10
 \\Unfruitful\\ (\\akarpoi\\). See
 # 1Co 14:14; Eph 5:11

06794
 \\That love us\\ (\\tous philountas hms\\). Paul craved the love of his
 friends as opposed to
 # 2:8


06795
 \\A prisoner of Christ Jesus\\ (\\desmios Christou Isou\\). As verse
 # 9
 and in
 # Eph 3:1; 4:1
 Old adjective from \\desmos\\ (bond, \\de\\, to bind). Apparently used
 here on purpose rather than \\apostolos\\ as more effective with
 Philemon and a more touching occasion of pride as Paul writes
 with his manacled right hand. \\Timothy\\ (\\Timotheos\\). With Paul in
 Ephesus
 # Ac 19:22
 and probably known to Philemon. Associated with Paul also in I
 and II Thess., II Cor., Philipp., Col. \\To Philemon\\ (\\Philmoni\\). A
 resident of Colossae and a convert of Paul's (verse
 # 19
 perhaps coming to Ephesus while Paul was there when his ministry
 had so much influence over the province of Asia
 # Ac 19:9, 26; 1Co 16:19
 The name Philemon occurs in the legend of Baucis and Philemon
 (Ovid's _Metamorphoses_), but with no connection with the brother
 here. He was active in the church in Colossae ("our co-worker,"
 \\sunergi hmn\\) and was beloved (\\agapti\\) by Paul.

06796
 \\To Apphia our sister\\ (\\Apphii ti adelphi\\). Dative case in
 address. A common name in Phrygian inscriptions and apparently
 the wife of Philemon. "Sister" is in the Christian sense. \\To\\
 \\Archippus\\ (\\Archippi\\). Dative case in address. It is uncertain
 whether he is the son of Philemon or not. Apparently he is
 prominent in the church in Colossae, possibly even pastor,
 probably not in Laodicea as some understand
 # Col 4:17
 to imply. \\Fellow-soldier\\ (\\sunstratiti\\). Old word, only here and
 # Php 2:25
 in N.T. In metaphorical sense. Perhaps while Paul was in Ephesus.
 \\To the church in thy house\\ (\\ti kat' oikon sou ekklsii\\). The
 church that met in the house of Philemon. In large cities there
 would be several meeting-places. Before the third century there
 is no certain evidence of special church buildings for worship
 (White, _Exp. Grk. T._). See
 # Ac 12:12
 for Mary's house in Jerusalem,
 # 1Co 16:19
 for the house of Aquila and Prisca in Ephesus,
 # Ro 16:5
 for the house of Prisca and Aquila in Rome,
 # Col 4:15
 for the house of Nympha in Laodicea.

06797
06798
 \\Always\\ (\\pantote\\). Goes with \\eucharist\\ though so far away in the
 Greek sentence. \\Making mention of thee\\ (\\mneian sou poioumenos\\).
 See
 # 1Th 1:2
 for this phrase. \\In\\ (\\epi\\). Upon the occasion of.

06799
 \\Hearing\\ (\\akoun\\). Through Epaphras
 # Col 1:7,8; 4:12
 possibly from Onesimus also. \\And towards all the saints\\ (\\kai eis\\
 \\pantas tous hagious\\). He spoke of "thy love and faith" (\\sou tn\\
 \\agapn kai tn pistin\\) "towards the Lord Jesus" (\\pros ton Kurion\\
 \\Isoun\\) and by a sort of momentum (Vincent) he carries both words
 over to the saints, though it can be explained as chiasm
 # Ga 4:4
 also.
