02850
 \\Of the Lord Jesus\\ (\\tou kuriou Isou\\). The Western family of
 documents does not have these words and Westcott and Hort bracket
 them as Western non-interpolations. There are numerous instances
 of this shorter Western text in this chapter. For a discussion of
 the subject see my _Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the
 New Testament_, pp. 225-237. This precise combination (the Lord
 Jesus) is common in the Acts, but nowhere else in the Gospels.

02851
 \\While they were perplexed thereabout\\ (\\en ti aporeisthai autas\\
 \\peri toutou\\). Luke's common Hebraistic idiom, \\en\\ with the
 articular infinitive (present passive \\aporeisthai\\ from \\apore\\, to
 lose one's way) and the accusative of general reference. \\Two men\\
 (\\andres duo\\). Men, not women.
 # Mr 16:5
 speaks of a young man (\\neaniskon\\) while
 # Mt 28:5
 has "an angel." We need not try to reconcile these varying
 accounts which agree in the main thing. The angel looked like a
 man and some remembered two. In verse
 # 23
 Cleopas and his companion call them "angels." \\Stood by\\
 (\\epestsan\\). Second aorist active indicative of \\ephistmi\\. This
 common verb usually means to step up suddenly, to burst upon one.
 \\In dazzling apparel\\ (\\en esthti astraptousi\\). This is the
 correct text. This common simplex verb occurs only twice in the
 N.T., here and
 # Lu 17:24
 (the Transfiguration). It has the same root as \\astrap\\
 (lightning). The "men" had the garments of "angels."

02852
 \\As they were affrighted\\ (\\emphobn genomenn autn\\). Genitive
 absolute with second aorist middle of \\ginomai\\, to become. Hence,
 \\when they became affrighted\\. They had utterly forgotten the
 prediction of Jesus that he would rise on the third day.

02853
 \\He is not here, but is risen\\ (\\ouk estin hde, alla gerth\\).
 Another Western non-interpolation according to Westcott and Hort.
 The words are genuine at any rate in
 # Mr 16:6; Mt 28:7
 \\The third day rise again\\ (\\ti triti hmeri anastnai\\). See
 # 9:22; 18:32,33
 where Jesus plainly foretold this fact. And yet they had
 forgotten it, for it ran counter to all their ideas and hopes.

02854
02855
02856
 \\From the tomb\\ (\\apo tou mnmeiou\\). Some documents omit these
 words. This word for tomb is like our "memorial" from \\mimnsk\\,
 to remind. \\Told\\ (\\apggeilan\\). It was a wonderful proclamation.
 Luke does not separate the story of Mary Magdalene from that of
 the other women as John does
 # Joh 20:2-18

02857
02858
 \\As idle talk\\ (\\hs lros\\). Old word for nonsense, only here in the
 N.T. Medical writers used it for the wild talk of those in
 delirium or hysteria. \\Disbelieved\\ (pistoun). Imperfect active of
 \\apiste\\, old verb from \\apistos\\, without confidence or faith in.
 They kept on distrusting the story of the women.

02859
 This entire verse is a Western non-interpolation. This incident
 is given in complete form in
 # Joh 18:2-10
 and most of the words in this verse are there also. It is of a
 piece with many items in this chapter about which it is not easy
 to reach a final conclusion. \\Stooping and looking in\\
 (\\parakupsas\\). First aorist active participle of \\parakupt\\, to
 stoop besides and peer into. Old verb used also in
 # Joh 20:5,11; Jas 1:25; 1Pe 1:12
 \\By themselves\\ (\\mona\\). Without the body. \\To his home\\ (\\pros\\
 \\hauton\\). Literally, "to himself."

02860
 \\Were going\\ (\\san poreuomenoi\\). Periphrastic imperfect middle of
 \\poreuomai\\. \\Sixty stadia\\ (\\stadious hexkonta\\). About seven miles.

02861
 \\They communed\\ (\\hmiloun\\). Imperfect active of \\homile\\, old and
 common verb (from \\homilos\\, in company with). In the N.T. only
 here (and verse
 # 15
 and
 # Ac 20:11; 24:26
 Our word homiletics is derived from this word for preaching was
 at first largely conversational in style and not declamatory.

02862
 \\While they communed and questioned together\\ (\\en ti homilein\\
 \\autous kai sunztein\\). Same idiom as in verse
 # 14
 which see. Note \\sunztein\\; each questioned the other. \\Jesus\\
 \\himself\\ (\\autos Isous\\). In actual person. \\Went with them\\
 (\\suneporeueto autois\\). Imperfect middle, was going along with
 them.

02863
 \\Were holden that they should not know him\\ (\\ekratounto tou m\\
 \\epignnai auton\\). Imperfect passive of \\krate\\, continued being
 held, with the ablative case of the articular infinitive, "from
 recognizing him," from knowing him fully (\\epi-gnnai\\, ingressive
 aorist of \\epiginsko\\). The \\m\\ is a redundant negative after the
 negative idea in \\ekratounto\\.

02864
 \\That you have with another\\ (\\hous antiballete pros alllous\\).
 \\Anti-ball\\ is an old verb and means to throw in turn, back and
 forth like a ball, from one to another, a beautiful picture of
 conversation as a game of words. Only here in the N.T. \\They stood\\
 \\still\\ (\\estathsan\\). First aorist passive of \\histmi\\,
 intransitive. They stopped. \\Looking sad\\ (\\skuthrpoi\\). This is the
 correct text. It is an old adjective from \\skuthros\\, gloomy and
 \\ops\\, countenance. Only here in the N.T.

02865
 \\Dost thou alone sojourn?\\ (\\su monos paroikeis;\\). \\Monos\\ is
 predicate adjective. "Hast thou been dwelling alone (all by
 thyself)?" \\And not know?\\ (\\kai ouk egns;\\). Second aorist active
 indicative and difficult to put into English as the aorist often
 is. The verb \\paroike\\ means to dwell beside one, then as a
 stranger like \\paroikoi\\
 # Eph 2:19
 In Jerusalem everybody was talking about Jesus.

02866
02867
02868
 \\But we hoped\\ (\\hmeis de lpizomen\\). Imperfect active, we were
 hoping. Note emphasis in \\hmeis\\ (we). \\Redeem\\ (\\lutrousthai\\). From
 the bondage of Rome, no doubt. \\Yea and beside all this\\ (\\alla ge\\
 \\kai sun psin toutois\\). Particles pile up to express their
 emotions. \\Yea\\ (\\alla\\ here affirmative, as in verse
 # 22
 not adversative) at least (\\ge\\) also (\\kai\\) together with all these
 things (\\sun psin toutois\\). Like Pelion on Ossa with them in
 their perplexity. \\Now the third day\\ (\\tritn tautn hmeran agei\\).
 A difficult idiom for the English. "One is keeping this a third
 day." And he is still dead and we are still without hope.

02869
 \\Amazed us\\ (\\exestsan hmas\\). First aorist active (transitive)
 indicative with accusative \\hmas\\ of \\existmi\\. The second aorist
 active is intransitive. \\Early\\ (\\orthrinai\\). A poetic and late form
 for \\orthrios\\. In the N.T. only here and
 # Re 24:22
 Predicate adjective agreeing with the women.

02870
 \\Had seen\\ (\\herakenai\\). Perfect active infinitive in indirect
 assertion after \\legousai\\. Same construction for \\zin\\ after
 \\legousin\\. But all this was too indirect and uncertain (women and
 angels) for Cleopas and his companion.

02871
02872
 \\Foolish men\\ (\\anotoi\\). Literally without sense (\\nous\\), not
 understanding. Common word. \\Slow of heart\\ (\\bradeis ti kardii\\).
 Slow in heart (locative case). Old word for one dull, slow to
 comprehend or to act. \\All that\\ (\\psin hois\\). Relative attracted
 from the accusative \\ha\\ to the case of the antecedent \\psin\\
 (dative). They could only understand part of the prophecies, not
 all.

02873
 \\Behooved it not?\\ (\\ouchi edei;\\). Was it not necessary? The very
 things about the death of Jesus that disturbed them so were the
 strongest proof that he was the Messiah of the Old Testament.

02874
 \\Interpreted\\ (\\dirmneusen\\). First aorist active (constative
 aorist) indicative of \\diermneu\\ (Margin has the imperfect
 \\dirmneuen\\), intensive compound (\\dia\\) of \\hermneu\\, the old
 verb to interpret from \\hermneus\\, interpreter, and that from
 \\Herms\\, the messenger of the gods as the people of Lystra took
 Paul to be
 # Ac 14:12
 But what wonderful exegesis the two disciples were now hearing!
 \\Concerning himself\\ (\\peri heauton\\). Jesus found himself in the Old
 Testament, a thing that some modern scholars do not seem able to
 do.

02875
 \\Made as though\\ (\\prosepoisato\\). First aorist active middle (Some
 MSS. have \\prosepoieito\\ imperfect) indicative of \\prospoie\\, old
 verb to conform oneself to, to pretend. Only here in the N.T. Of
 course he would have gone on if the disciples had not urged him
 to stay.

02876
 \\Constrained\\ (\\parebiasanto\\). Strong verb \\parabiazomai\\, to compel
 by use of force (Polybius and LXX). In the N.T. only here and
 # Ac 16:15
 It was here compulsion of courteous words. \\Is far spent\\
 (\\kekliken\\). Perfect active indicative of \\klin\\. The day "has
 turned" toward setting.

02877
 \\When he had sat down\\ (\\en ti kataklithnai auton\\). Luke's common
 idiom as in verses
 # 4,15
 Note first aorist passive infinitive (on the reclining as to
 him). \\Gave\\ (\\epedidou\\). Imperfect, inchoative idea, began to give
 to them, in contrast with the preceding aorist (punctiliar)
 participles.

02878
 \\Were opened\\ (\\dinoichthsan\\). Ingressive first aorist passive
 indicative of \\dianoig\\. \\Knew\\ (\\epegnsan\\). Effective first aorist
 active indicative fully recognized him. Same word in verse
 # 16
 \\Vanished\\ (\\aphantos egeneto\\). Became invisible or unmanifested.
 \\Aphantos\\ from \\a\\ privative and \\phainomai\\, to appear. Old word,
 only here in the N.T.

02879
 \\Was not our heart burning?\\ (\\Ouchi h kardia hemn kaiomen n;\\).
 Periphrastic imperfect middle. \\Spake\\ (\\elalei\\). Imperfect active,
 was speaking. This common verb \\lale\\ is onomatopoetic, to utter a
 sound, \\la-la\\ and was used of birds, children chattering, and then
 for conversation, for preaching, for any public speech. \\Opened\\
 (\\dinoigen\\). Imperfect active indicative of the same verb used of
 the eyes in verse
 # 31

02880
 \\That very hour\\ (\\auti ti hri\\). Locative case and common Lukan
 idiom, at the hour itself. They could not wait. \\Gathered\\
 (\\throismenous\\). Perfect passive participle of \\athroiz\\, old verb
 from \\athroos\\ (copulative \\a\\ and \\throos\\, crowd). Only here in
 the N.T.

02881
 \\Saying\\ (\\legontas\\). Accusative present active participle agreeing
 with "the eleven and those with them" in verse
 # 33
 \\Indeed\\ (\\onts\\). Really, because "he has appeared to Simon" (\\pth\\
 \\Simni\\). First aorist passive indicative of \\hora\\. This is the
 crucial evidence that turned the scales with the disciples and
 explains "indeed." Paul also mentions it
 # 1Co 15:5

02882
 \\Rehearsed\\ (\\exgounto\\). Imperfect middle indicative of \\exgeomai\\,
 verb to lead out, to rehearse. Our word exegesis comes from this
 verb. Their story was now confirmatory, not revolutionary. The
 women were right then after all. \\Of them\\ (\\autois\\). To them,
 dative case. They did not recognize Jesus in his exegesis, but
 did in the breaking of bread. One is reminded of that saying in
 the _Logia of Jesus_: "Raise the stone and there thou shalt find
 me, cleave the wood and there am I."

02883
 \\He himself stood\\ (\\autos est\\). He himself stepped and stood. Some
 documents do not have "Peace be unto you."

02884
 \\Terrified\\ (\\ptothentes\\). First aorist passive participle of
 \\ptoe\\, old verb and in the N.T. only here and
 # Lu 21:9
 which see. \\Affrighted\\ (\\emphoboi genomenoi\\). Late adjective from
 \\en\\ and \\phobos\\ (fear). Both these terms of fear are strong.
 \\Supposed\\ (\\edokoun\\). Imperfect active of \\doke\\, kept on thinking
 so.

02885
 \\Why are ye troubled?\\ (\\ti tetaragmenoi este;\\). Periphrastic
 perfect passive indicative of \\tarass\\, old verb, to agitate, to
 stir up, to get excited.

02886
 \\Myself\\ (\\autos\\). Jesus is patient with his proof. They were
 convinced before he came into the room, but that psychological
 shock had unnerved them all. \\Handle\\ (\\pslaphsate\\). This very
 word is used in
 # 1Jo 1:1
 as proof of the actual human body of Jesus. It is an old verb for
 touching with the hand. \\Flesh and bones\\ (\\sarka kai ostea\\). At
 least this proves that he is not just a ghost and that Jesus had
 a real human body against the Docetic Gnostics who denied it. But
 clearly we are not to understand that our resurrection bodies
 will have "flesh and bones." Jesus was in a transition state and
 had not yet been glorified. The mystery remains unsolved, but it
 was proof to the disciples of the identity of the Risen Christ
 with Jesus of Nazareth.

02887
 Another Western non-interpolation according to Westcott and Hort.
 It is genuine in
 # Joh 20:20

02888
 \\Disbelieved for joy\\ (\\apistountn autn apo ts charas\\). Genitive
 absolute and a quite understandable attitude. They were slowly
 reconvinced, but it was after all too good to be true. \\Anything\\
 \\to eat\\ (\\brsimon\\). Only here in the N.T., though an old word from
 \\bibrsk\\, to eat.

02889
 \\A piece of broiled fish\\ (\\ichthuos optou meros\\). \\Optos\\ is a verbal
 from \\opta\\, to cook, to roast, to broil. Common word, but only
 here in the N.T. The best old documents omit "and a honeycomb"
 (\\kai apo melissiou kriou\\).

02890
02891
 \\While I was yet with you\\ (\\eti n sun humin\\). Literally, \\Being yet\\
 \\with you\\. The participle \\n\\ takes the time of the principal verb.

02892
 \\Opened he their mind\\ (\\dinoixen autn ton noun\\). The same verb as
 that in verses
 # 31,32
 about the eyes and the Scriptures. Jesus had all these years been
 trying to open their minds that they might understand the
 Scriptures about the Messiah and now at last he makes one more
 effort in the light of the Cross and the Resurrection. They can
 now see better the will and way of God, but they will still need
 the power of the Holy Spirit before they will fully know the mind
 of Christ.

02893
 \\It is written\\ (\\gegraptai\\). Perfect passive indicative of \\graph\\,
 to write, the usual phrase for quoting Scripture. Jesus now finds
 in the Old Testament his suffering, his resurrection, and the
 preaching of repentance and forgiveness of sins to all nations.
 Note the infinitives \\pathein, anastnai, kruchthnai\\.

02894
 \\Beginning\\ (\\arxamenoi\\). Aorist middle participle of \\arch\\, but the
 nominative plural with no syntactical connection (an
 anacoluthon).

02895
02896
 \\Until ye be clothed\\ (\\hes hou endussthe\\). First aorist middle
 subjunctive of \\endu\\ or \\endun\\. It is an old verb for putting on
 a garment. It is here the indirect middle, put on yourselves
 power from on high as a garment. They are to wait till this
 experience comes to them. This is "the promise of the Father." It
 is an old metaphor in Homer, Aristophanes, Plutarch, and Paul
 uses it often.

02897
 \\Over against Bethany\\ (\\hes pros Bthanian\\). That is on Olivet. On
 this blessed spot near where he had delivered the great
 Eschatological Discourse he could see Bethany and Jerusalem.

02898
 \\He parted from them\\ (\\diest ap' autn\\). Second aorist active
 (intransitive) indicative of \\diistmi\\. He stood apart (\\dia\\) and
 he was gone. Some manuscripts do not have the words "and was
 carried into heaven." But we know that Jesus was taken up into
 heaven on a cloud
 # Ac 1:9

02899
 \\Worshipped him\\ (\\proskunsantes auton\\). Here again we have one of
 Westcott and Hort's Western non-interpolations that may be
 genuine or not. \\With great joy\\ (\\meta charas megals\\). Now that
 the Ascension has come they are no longer in despair. Joy becomes
 the note of victory as it is today. No other note can win
 victories for Christ. The bells rang in heaven to greet the
 return of Jesus there, but he set the carillon of joy to ringing
 on earth in human hearts in all lands and for all time.
